Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metalnanoparticles in order to enhance the catalytic process. Metal nanoparticles have high surface area, which can increase catalytic activity. Nanoparticle catalysts can be easily separated and recycled.[1][2][3] They are typically used under mild conditions to prevent decomposition of the nanoparticles.[4]
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^Fukui, Takehisa; Murata, Kenji; Ohara, Satoshi; Abe, Hiroya; Naito, Makio; Nogi, Kiyoshi (2004). "Morphology control of Ni–YSZ cermet anode for lower temperature operation of SOFCs". Journal of Power Sources. 125 (1): 17–21. Bibcode:2004JPS...125...17F. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00817-6.
^Pierluigi Barbaro, Francesca Liguori, ed. (2010). Heterogenized homogeneous catalysts for fine chemicals production : materials and processes. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN978-90-481-3695-7.
^Zalesskiy, Sergey; Ananikov Valentine (March 2012). "Pd2(dba)3 as a Precursor of Soluble Metal Complexes and Nanoparticles: Determination of Palladium Active Species for Catalysis and Synthesis". Organometallics. 31 (6): 2302–2309. doi:10.1021/om201217r.