DNA / RNA sequencing technique
On the left is a drawing of the complex formed between alpha-hemolysin and dsDNA with linkage through an oligomer . On the right, movement of this complex in relation to a nanopore channel is shown sequentially in two steps (I) and (II). Once the complex is inserted into the nanopore, the alpha-hemolysin protein will be functional in the newly formed hybrid, biological and solid state, nanopore system.
Illustration of how an electrical signal is generated from DNA passing through a nanopore channel.
Nanopore sequencing is a third generation[ 1] approach used in the sequencing of biopolymers — specifically, polynucleotides in the form of DNA or RNA .
Using nanopore sequencing, a single molecule of DNA or RNA can be sequenced without the need for PCR amplification or chemical labeling of the sample. Nanopore sequencing has the potential to offer relatively low-cost genotyping , high mobility for testing, and rapid processing of samples with the ability to display results in real-time. Publications on the method outline its use in rapid identification of viral pathogens,[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] monitoring ebola ,[ 5] environmental monitoring,[ 6] food safety monitoring, human genome sequencing,[ 7] plant genome sequencing,[ 8] monitoring of antibiotic resistance ,[ 9] haplotyping[ 10] and other applications.
^ Niedringhaus TP, Milanova D, Kerby MB, Snyder MP, Barron AE (June 2011). "Landscape of next-generation sequencing technologies" . Analytical Chemistry . 83 (12): 4327–41. doi :10.1021/ac2010857 . PMC 3437308 . PMID 21612267 .
^ Greninger AL , Naccache SN, Federman S, Yu G, Mbala P, Bres V, et al. (September 2015). "Rapid metagenomic identification of viral pathogens in clinical samples by real-time nanopore sequencing analysis" . Genome Medicine . 7 (1): 99. bioRxiv 10.1101/020420 . doi :10.1186/s13073-015-0220-9 . PMC 4587849 . PMID 26416663 .
^ Biclot, Anaïs (2023-05-29). "Technology to tackle viral infections" . Retrieved 2023-07-07 .
^ Munro, Rory; Holmes, Nadine; Moore, Christopher; Carlile, Matthew; Payne, Alexander; Tyson, John R.; Williams, Thomas; Alder, Christopher; Snell, Luke B.; Nebbia, Gaia; Santos, Roberto; Loose, Matt (2023). "A framework for real-time monitoring, analysis and adaptive sampling of viral amplicon nanopore sequencing" . Frontiers in Genetics . 14 . doi :10.3389/fgene.2023.1138582 . ISSN 1664-8021 . PMC 10083257 . PMID 37051600 .
^ Nick Loman (15 May 2015). "How a small backpack for fast genomic sequencing is helping combat Ebola" . The Conversation .
^ "TGAC's take on the first portable DNA sequencing 'laboratory' " . EurekAlert! . 19 March 2015.
^ "nanopore-wgs-consortium/NA12878" . GitHub . Retrieved 2017-01-10 .
^ "Solanum pennellii (new cultivar) - PlabiPD" . www.plabipd.de . Retrieved 2017-01-10 .
^ Cao MD, Ganesamoorthy D, Elliott AG, Zhang H, Cooper MA, Coin LJ (July 2016). "Streaming algorithms for identification of pathogens and antibiotic resistance potential from real-time MinION(TM) sequencing" . GigaScience . 5 (1): 32. bioRxiv 10.1101/019356 . doi :10.1186/s13742-016-0137-2 . PMC 4960868 . PMID 27457073 .
^ Ammar R, Paton TA, Torti D, Shlien A, Bader GD (2015). "CYP2D6 variants and haplotypes" . F1000Research . 4 : 17. doi :10.12688/f1000research.6037.2 . PMC 4392832 . PMID 25901276 .