Narcissism is a self-centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others.[1][2] Narcissism, rooted in Greek mythology, has evolved into a psychological concept studied extensively since the early 20th century, highlighting its relevance across various societal domains.[3]
Narcissism exists on a continuum that ranges from normal to abnormal personality expression.[4] While many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms, observable particularly in people who are excessively self-absorbed, or who have a mental illness like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), where the narcissistic tendency has become pathological,[4][5] leading to functional impairment and psychosocial disability.[6]
- ^ "Oxford Learner's Dictionary". oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ "APA Dictionary of Psychology". dictionary.apa.org. American Psychological Association. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ Yakeley, Jessica (2018). "Current understanding of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder". BJPsych Advances. 24 (5): 305–315. doi:10.1192/bja.2018.20. ISSN 2056-4678.
- ^ a b Krizan Z, Herlache AD (February 2018). "The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 22 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/1088868316685018. PMID 28132598. S2CID 206682971.
- ^ Nazario B (4 September 2022). Casarella J (ed.). "Narcissistic Personality Disorder". webmd.com. Web MD. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). "Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID 25930131.