| Narmer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Menes(?) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Verso of the Narmer Palette | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | Somewhere in between 3273–2987 BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Ka? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Hor-Aha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consort | Uncertain: possibly Neithhotep | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | Uncertain: probably Hor-Aha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Ka?, Scorpion II? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burial | Chambers B17 and B18, Umm El Qa'ab | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 1st dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narmer (Ancient Egyptian: nꜥr-mr, may mean "painful catfish", "stinging catfish", "harsh catfish", or "fierce catfish;"[1][2][3] fl. c. 3150 BC[4]) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period, whose reign began at a date estimated to fall in the range 3273–2987 BC.[5] He was the successor to the Protodynastic king Ka. Many scholars consider him the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty, and in turn the first king of a unified Egypt. He also had a prominently noticeable presence in Canaan, compared to his predecessors and successors. Neithhotep is thought to be his queen consort or his daughter.
A majority of Egyptologists believe that Narmer was the same person as Menes.[a][7][8][9]
- ^ Pätznick 2009, pp. 308, n.8.
- ^ Leprohon 2013, p. 22.
- ^ Clayton 1994, p. 16.
- ^ Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (Third ed.). London: McFarland. p. 81. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
- ^ Wilkinson 1999, p. 67.
- ^ Heagy 2014, pp. 83–84.
- ^ Cervelló-Autuori 2003, p. 174.
- ^ Grimal 1994.
- ^ Edwards 1971, p. 13.
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