National Alliance Alleanza Nazionale | |
|---|---|
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| Abbreviation | AN |
| Leader |
|
| Founded |
|
| Dissolved | 22 March 2009 |
| Preceded by | Italian Social Movement[1] |
| Merged into | The People of Freedom |
| Succeeded by | Brothers of Italy[a] |
| Newspaper | Secolo d'Italia |
| Student wing | Student Action |
| Youth wing | Youth Action |
| Membership (2004) | 250,000[2] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Right-wing[1] to far-right[6] |
| National affiliation |
|
| European affiliation | Alliance for Europe of the Nations |
| European Parliament group | Union for Europe of the Nations |
National Alliance (Italian: Alleanza Nazionale, AN) was a national conservative political party in Italy.[7][8][9] It was the successor of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), a neo-fascist party founded in 1946 by former followers of Benito Mussolini that had moderated its policies over its last decades and finally distanced itself from its former ideology, a move known as post-fascismo, during a convention in Fiuggi by dissolving into the new party in 1995.[10][11]
Gianfranco Fini was the leader of AN from its foundation through 2008, after being elected President of the Chamber of Deputies. Fini was succeeded by Ignazio La Russa, who managed the merger of the party with Forza Italia (FI) into The People of Freedom (PdL) in 2009.[12] During AN's last congress, it was decided that a foundation would manage the assets and the political legacy of MSI/AN; as a result, the National Alliance Foundation was established in 2011.[13][14][15] A group of former AN members, led by La Russa and Giorgia Meloni, as well as former Christian Democrat Guido Crosetto, left the PdL in 2012 to launch the Brothers of Italy (FdI), while others remained in the PdL and were among the founding members of the re-launched Forza Italia (FI) in 2013. The National Alliance Foundation authorised FdI to use AN's symbol in 2014[16] and onwards.
- ^ a b Ruzza, Carlo; Fella, Stefano (2009), Re-Inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and 'Post-Fascism', Routledge, p. 1, ISBN 9780415344616
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Tarchi, Marco (2007), "Recalcitrant Allies: The Conflicting Foreign Policy Agenda of the Alleanza Nazionale and the Lega Nord", Europe for the Europeans, Ashgate, p. 188
- ^ Mareš, Miroslav (2006), Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation (PDF), p. 4, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2011
- ^ Catellani, Patrizia; Milesi, Patrizia; Crescentini, Alberto (2006). "One Root, Different Branches: Identity, Injustice and Schisms". Extreme Right Activists in Europe: Through the Magnifying Glass. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 9780415358279.
Yet this is not to say that the fascist heritage in the new 'post-fascist' AN faded altogether. At least at the beginning, Fini had a double standard of communication, one for inside the party, stressing continuity with fascism, one for outside the party, stressing change.
- ^
- Davies, Peter; Lynch, Derek (16 August 2005). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-60952-9.
- Gingrich, Andre; Banks, Marcus (1 August 2006). Neo-nationalism in Europe and Beyond: Perspectives from Social Anthropology. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78238-611-7.
- Noble, Carolyn; Ottmann, Goetz (14 July 2020). The Challenge of Right-wing Nationalist Populism for Social Work: A Human Rights Approach. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-50941-4.
- Farro, Antimo Luigi; Maddanu, Simone (3 January 2022). Restless Cities on the Edge: Collective Actions, Immigration and Populism. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-91323-6.
- Mulcahy, Suzanne (18 October 2011). Europe's Migrant Policies: Illusions of Integration. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-35330-5.
- ^ Oreste Massari, I partiti politici nelle democrazie contemporanee, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2004, p. 90
- ^ Luciano Bardi - Piero Ignazi - Oreste Massari, I partiti italiani, Egea 2007, pp. 151, 173n.
- ^ Chiara Moroni, Da Forza Italia al Popolo della Libertà, Carocci, Roma 2008, pp. 75-77
- ^ Moliterno, Gino, ed. (2002). "National alliance". Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 562. ISBN 9780415285568.
- ^ Catellani, Patrizia; Milesi, Patrizia; Crescentini, Alberto (2006). One root, different branches: Identity, injustice and schisms. Routledge. p. 204.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Slomp, Hans (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 407. ISBN 978-0-313-39181-1.
- ^ https://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2023/08/01/news/la-fondazione-an-e-il-tesoretto-da-56-milioni-nella-cassaforte-di-fdi-entra-arianna-meloni-5557841/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20120315055745/http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/i_soldi_spariti_ex_an_chiedete_fini/09-02-2012/articolo-id=571197-page=0-comments=1
- ^ https://www.fondazionean.it/la-fondazione/statuto
- ^ https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/topnews/2013/12/14/FdI-utilizzera-logo-ad-europee_9780019.html
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