National Council of Resistance of Iran

Not to be confused with National Resistance Movement of Iran or National Council of Iran.
National Council of Resistance of Iran
شورای ملی مقاومت ایران (Persian)
Conseil national de la résistance iranienne (French)
AbbreviationNCRI
SpokespersonAlireza Jafarzadeh[2]
President-electMaryam Rajavi
FounderMassoud Rajavi and Abolhassan Banisadr[3]
FoundedJuly 20, 1981; 43 years ago (1981-07-20)
HeadquartersParis, France[3]
Tirana, Albania
Mother PartyPeople's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
AnthemEy Iran
Party flag
Website
ncr-iran.org

The National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI; Persian: شورای ملی مقاومت ایران, romanized: Šurā-ye melli-e moqāvemat-e Īrān) is an Iranian political organization based in France and Albania and was founded by Massoud Rajavi and Abolhassan Banisadr.[4] The organization is a political coalition calling to overthrow the Islamic Republic of Iran. The coalition is made up of different Iranian dissident groups, with its main member being the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK).[5][6][7] It is currently led by Maryam Rajavi.

The NCRI is also recognized as the MEK's diplomatic wing.[8][9][10] In 2002, the NCRI exposed the existence of an undisclosed uranium enrichment facility in Natanz, leading to concerns about Iran's nuclear program.[11][12][13][14] It was listed as a foreign terrorist organization in 1997, but was removed from this list in 2012 by the U.S. government.[9][15]

  1. ^ Anne Singleton (2003), Saddam's Private Army: How Rajavi changed Iran's Mojahedin from armed revolutionaries to an armed cult, Iran Chamber, archived from the original on 23 December 2016, retrieved 14 December 2016
  2. ^ Goulka et al. 2009.
  3. ^ a b Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). "Chronology of Iranian History Part 4". Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  4. ^ "Massoud Rajavi | Iranian revolutionary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 2023-02-13. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  5. ^ Exiled Iranian opposition group in Paris for talks, 22 June 2013, archived from the original on 28 August 2021, retrieved 4 April 2020
  6. ^ Senior US Senators Meet Iran Opposition Leader In Albania, 12 August 2017, archived from the original on 28 July 2018, retrieved 4 April 2020
  7. ^ Iranian dissidents plot a revolution from Albania, archived from the original on 2020-09-18, retrieved 2020-04-04
  8. ^ Cohen, Ronen A. (2018), "The Mojahedin-e Khalq versus the Islamic Republic of Iran: from war to propaganda and the war on propaganda and diplomacy", Middle Eastern Studies, 54 (6): 1000–1014, doi:10.1080/00263206.2018.1478813, S2CID 149542445, archived from the original on 2021-05-12, retrieved 2020-04-04
  9. ^ a b Kenneth Katzman, Document No.9 Iran:U.S. Concerns and Policy: Responses, CRS Report RL32048, in Kristen Boon, Aziz Z. Huq, Douglas Lovelace (eds.) Global Stability and U.S. National Security, Oxford University Press, 2012 pp.297-383 p.317.
  10. ^ Sasan Fayazmanesh, The United States and Iran: Sanctions, Wars and the Policy of Dual Containment, Routledge, 2008 pp.79,81.
  11. ^ Nuclear Safeguards, Security, and Nonproliferation: Achieving Security with Technology and Policy. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2019. pp. 115–120.
  12. ^ The Trajectory of Iran's Nuclear Program. Palgrave Macmillan. 2015. p. 148.
  13. ^ Friedrichs, Gordon (February 2014), Smart Security Council? Analyzing the effectiveness of targeted sanctions, Anchor Academic, ISBN 978-3-95489-521-2, archived from the original on 2024-02-08, retrieved 2020-11-06
  14. ^ "The National Council of Resistance of Iran: A Revolutionary Group in Exile". Civil Affairs Association. February 13, 2013. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  15. ^ Shane, Scott (September 21, 2012). "Iranian Dissidents Convince U.S. to Drop Terror Label". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2017.