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Natural-rights libertarianism[a] is the theory that all individuals possess certain natural or moral rights, mainly a right of individual sovereignty and that therefore acts of initiation of force and fraud are rights-violations and that is sufficient reason to oppose those acts. This is one of the two ethical view points within right-libertarianism, the other being consequentialist libertarianism which only takes into account the consequences of actions and rules when judging them and holds that free markets and strong private property rights have good consequences.[3][4]
Some deontological libertarian views are based on the non-aggression principle which states that no human being holds the right to initiate force or fraud against the person or property of another human being under any circumstances. This principle is taken as basic, defining all other moral principles, not simply principles of justice. Others are based on self-ownership, and concerned only with principles of justice.[5]
- ^ Bradford. R. W. (1998). "The Two Libertarianisms". Liberty.
- ^ Miron, Jeffrey A. (2010). Libertarianism: From A to Z. Basic Books. p. 38.
- ^ Wolff, Jonathan. "Libertarianism, Utility, and Economic Competition" (PDF). Virginia Law Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Zwolinski, Matt. "Libertarianism". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
- ^ Nozick, Robert (2013). Anarchy, State and Utopia, Reprint Edition. ISBN 978-0465051007.
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