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Northeast India, the easternmost region of India, refers to the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim. This region holds significance due to its unique political, cultural, and strategic characteristics. It is encircled by five international borders, sharing boundaries with Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Nepal, making it crucial in India's geopolitical landscape.[1] The region accounts for 4 percent of the total surface of India and has a population of over 45 million. The region is connected to the rest of India by a 30 km wide passage known as the ‘Chicken’s Neck’.[2]
Despite its geographical importance, the Northeast has historically faced the challenge of isolation from the Indian mainland. The region has often faced neglect in terms of political attention, infrastructure, and other resources compared to the rest of India.[3]