Neopentane

Neopentane
Stereo, skeletal formula of neopentane
Skeletal formula of neopentane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of neopentane
Ball and stick model of neopentane
Spacefill model of neopentane
Spacefill model of neopentane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2,2-Dimethylpropane[2]
Other names
Neopentane
Tetramethylmethane[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1730722
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.006.677 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 207-343-7
1850
MeSH neopentane
UNII
UN number 2044
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-4H3 checkY
    Key: CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CC(C)(C)C
Properties
C5H12
Molar mass 72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 3.255 kg/m3 (gas, 9.5 °C)
601.172 kg/m3 (liquid, 9.5 °C)
Melting point −16.5 °C (2.3 °F; 256.6 K)
Boiling point 9.5 °C (49.1 °F; 282.6 K)
Vapor pressure 146 kPa (at 20 °C)[3]
4.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Thermochemistry
121.07–120.57 J K−1 mol−1
217 J K−1 mol−1
−168.5–−167.3 kJ mol−1
−3.51506–−3.51314 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H220, H411
P210, P273, P377, P381, P391, P403, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
4
0
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Neopentane, also called 2,2-dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Neopentane is a flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.

Neopentane is the simplest alkane with a quaternary carbon, and has achiral tetrahedral symmetry. It is one of the three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12 (pentanes), the other two being n-pentane and isopentane. Out of these three, it is the only one to be a gas at standard conditions; the others are liquids.

It was first synthesized by Russian chemist Mikhail Lvov [ru] in 1870.[4]

  1. ^ Aston, J.G.; Messerly, G.H., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds II. Thermal and Vapor Pressure Data for Tetramethylmethane from 13.22K to the Boiling Point. The Entropy from its Raman Spectrum, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 2354.
  2. ^ "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 652. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  3. ^ "Neopentane | C5H12 - PubChem".
  4. ^ Zeitschrift für Chemie (in German). Quandt & Händel. 1870.