Neubauer or Neubaur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adolf Neubauer, Rabbinical scholar
- Alfred Neubauer, Mercedes Grand Prix racing manager
- Chuck Neubauer, American journalist
- Dagmar Neubauer, German athlete
- Harald Neubauer, German politician and journalist
- Jeff Neubauer, American basketball coach
- Joseph Neubauer, CEO of Aramark
- Kurt Neubauer, early Nazi
- Luisa Neubauer, German climate activist
- Marlene Neubauer-Woerner, German sculptor
- Mona Neubaur, German politician
- Otto Neubauer (1874–1957), German-English biochemist
- Paul Neubauer, concerto soloist and instructor
- Peter B. Neubauer, child psychiatrist
- Richard A Neubauer, American physician
- Trevor Neubauer, American actor and model
- Zdeněk Neubauer (1942–2016), philosopher and biologist