Neuropeptide S

NPS
Identifiers
AliasesNPS, neuropeptide S
External IDsOMIM: 609513; MGI: 3642232; HomoloGene: 106066; GeneCards: NPS; OMA:NPS - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

594857

100043254

Ensembl

ENSG00000214285

ENSMUSG00000073804

UniProt

P0C0P6

P0C0P8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001030013

NM_001163611

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001025184

NP_001157083

Location (UCSC)Chr 10: 127.55 – 127.55 MbChr 7: 134.86 – 134.87 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas.[5][6][7] NPS binds specifically to a G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR.[8][9] Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness[10] and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway,[17] and inhibits motility and increases permeability in neurocrine fashion acting through NO in the myenteric plexus in rats and humans.[18]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000214285 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000073804 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Xu YL, Gall CM, Jackson VR, Civelli O, Reinscheid RK (Jan 2007). "Distribution of neuropeptide S receptor mRNA and neurochemical characteristics of neuropeptide S-expressing neurons in the rat brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 500 (1): 84–102. doi:10.1002/cne.21159. PMID 17099900. S2CID 23864785.
  6. ^ Jüngling K, Seidenbecher T, Sosulina L, Lesting J, Sangha S, Clark SD, et al. (Jul 2008). "Neuropeptide S-mediated control of fear expression and extinction: role of intercalated GABAergic neurons in the amygdala". Neuron. 59 (2): 298–310. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.002. PMC 2610688. PMID 18667157.
  7. ^ Meis S, Bergado-Acosta JR, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Stork O, Munsch T (2008). Grothe B (ed.). "Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus". PLOS ONE. 3 (7): e2695. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2695M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002695. PMC 2442874. PMID 18628994. Open access icon
  8. ^ Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (Dec 2005). "Neuropeptide S and its receptor: a newly deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor system". The Neuroscientist. 11 (6): 532–8. doi:10.1177/1073858405276405. PMID 16282594. S2CID 30579961.
  9. ^ Reinscheid RK (2008). "Neuropeptide S: Anatomy, Pharmacology, Genetics and Physiological Functions". Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Novel Neuropeptides. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Vol. 46. pp. 145–58. doi:10.1007/400_2007_051. ISBN 978-3-540-78350-3. PMID 18204825.
  10. ^ Chauveau F, Claverie D, Lardant E, Varin C, Hardy E, Walter A, et al. (January 2020). "Neuropeptide S promotes wakefulness through the inhibition of sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus neurons" (PDF). Sleep. 43 (1). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz189. PMID 31403694.
  11. ^ Xu YL, Reinscheid RK, Huitron-Resendiz S, Clark SD, Wang Z, Lin SH, et al. (Aug 2004). "Neuropeptide S: a neuropeptide promoting arousal and anxiolytic-like effects". Neuron. 43 (4): 487–97. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.005. PMID 15312648. S2CID 15601843.
  12. ^ Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (Nov 2005). "Neuropeptide S as a novel arousal promoting peptide transmitter". The FEBS Journal. 272 (22): 5689–93. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04982.x. PMID 16279934. S2CID 42586325.
  13. ^ Okamura N, Reinscheid RK (Aug 2007). "Neuropeptide S: a novel modulator of stress and arousal". Stress. 10 (3): 221–6. doi:10.1080/10253890701248673. PMID 17613937. S2CID 39068808.
  14. ^ Leonard SK, Dwyer JM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Platt B, Logue SF, Neal SJ, et al. (May 2008). "Pharmacology of neuropeptide S in mice: therapeutic relevance to anxiety disorders". Psychopharmacology. 197 (4): 601–11. doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1080-4. PMID 18311561. S2CID 21120092.
  15. ^ Rizzi A, Vergura R, Marzola G, Ruzza C, Guerrini R, Salvadori S, et al. (May 2008). "Neuropeptide S is a stimulatory anxiolytic agent: a behavioural study in mice". British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (2): 471–9. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.96. PMC 2442439. PMID 18376418.
  16. ^ Vitale G, Filaferro M, Ruggieri V, Pennella S, Frigeri C, Rizzi A, et al. (Dec 2008). "Anxiolytic-like effect of neuropeptide S in the rat defensive burying". Peptides. 29 (12): 2286–91. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.014. hdl:11380/610466. PMID 18793688. S2CID 207356961.
  17. ^ a b Mochizuki T, Kim J, Sasaki K (May 2010). "Microinjection of neuropeptide S into the rat ventral tegmental area induces hyperactivity and increases extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens shell". Peptides. 31 (5): 926–31. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.006. PMID 20156501. S2CID 19981059.
  18. ^ Wan Saudi WS, Halim MA, Rudholm-Feldreich T, Gillberg L, Rosenqvist E, Tengholm A, et al. (Oct 2015). "Neuropeptide S inhibits gastrointestinal motility and increases mucosal permeability through nitric oxide". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 309 (9): G625-34. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2015. PMID 26206857. S2CID 5560949.