New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | New JEWEL Movement |
| Leader | Maurice Bishop |
| Founded | 11 March 1973 |
| Dissolved | 29 October 1983 |
| Merger of |
|
| Succeeded by | Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement |
| Newspaper | The New Jewel |
| Military wing | People's Revolutionary Army |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-left |
| National affiliation | People's Alliance (1976) |
| Colours |
|
| Slogan | "Forward ever, backward never! (French: En avant jambes, en arrière jamais!) |
The New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation, or New JEWEL Movement (NJM), was a Marxist–Leninist vanguard party in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada that was led by Maurice Bishop.
Established in 1973, the NJM issued its manifesto prior to Grenada being granted independence from the United Kingdom in 1974.[3] The NJM took control of Grenada with a bloodless coup in 1979 and ruled by decree as the People's Revolutionary Government until 1983. In October of that year, Bishop and seven of his associates were killed by paramilitaries affiliated with hard-line elements in his own party. Those elements formed a military government, which was quickly deposed by a U.S. invasion later in October.
- ^ Schoenhals, Kai P.; Melanson, Richard A. (1985). Revolution and intervention in Grenada: the New Jewel movement, the United States, and the Caribbean. Boulder: Westview press. p. 33. ISBN 0-8133-0225-0.
identifying symbol of the NJM revolution appeared everywhere: a white flag containing a red disc.
- ^ Pool, Gail R. (1994). "Culture, Language and Revolution in Grenada". Anthropologica. 36 (1). JSTOR: 89. doi:10.2307/25605753. JSTOR 25605753. Retrieved 14 October 2023. Pool mentions an NJM public event where the speaker's platform was painted Rastafari colours red, green and gold: "Since many members of the militia were youths who identified themselves with the Rastafarian movement, it was likely that the PRG [People's Revolutionary Government] was trying to associate the revolution with rasta ideology."
- ^ "The Manifesto of the New Jewel Movement", The Grenada Revolution Online.