Nichifor Crainic | |
|---|---|
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| Minister of National Propaganda | |
| In office 4 July 1940 – 14 September 1940 | |
| Prime Minister | Ion Gigurtu Ion Antonescu |
| Preceded by | Teofil Sidorovici |
| Succeeded by | Position temporarily suspended |
| In office 27 January 1941 – 26 May 1941 | |
| Prime Minister | Ion Antonescu |
| Preceded by | Himself |
| Succeeded by | Mihai Antonescu |
| State Secretary at the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs | |
| In office 14 September 1940 – 21 January 1941 | |
| Prime Minister | Ion Antonescu |
| Minister | Traian Brăileanu |
| Co-Leader of the National Christian Party | |
| In office 16 July 1935 – 10 February 1938 Serving with Octavian Goga & A. C. Cuza | |
| Preceded by | Octavian Goga (as president of the National Agrarian Party) A. C. Cuza (as president of the National-Christian Defense League) |
| Succeeded by | None (party banned under the 1938 Constitution) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 22, 1889 Bulbucata, Giurgiu County, Kingdom of Romania |
| Died | August 20, 1972 (aged 82) Mogoșoaia, Ilfov County, Socialist Republic of Romania |
| Political party | National-Christian Defense League (before 1935) National Christian Party (1935–1938) |
| Alma mater | University of Bucharest University of Vienna |
| Occupation | Writer, Professor, Politician |
| Profession | Theologian, Philosopher |
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Nichifor Crainic (Romanian pronunciation: [niˈcifor ˈkrajnik]; pseudonym of Ion Dobre [iˈon ˈdobre];[1] 22 December 1889, Bulbucata, Giurgiu County – 20 August 1972, Mogoșoaia) was a Romanian writer, editor, philosopher, poet and theologian famed for his traditionalist activities. Crainic was a professor of theology at the Bucharest Theological Seminary and the Chișinău Faculty of Theology. He was also a politician and ideologue associated with far-right,[2] racist,[3][4][5] fascist,[6] and antisemitic positions.[3][7][8][9][10]
- ^ Ionițoiu, Cicerone (2002). "Dicționar C" (PDF). Victimele terorii comuniste : arestați, torturați, întemnițati, uciși (in Romanian). Vol. 2. Bucharest, Romania: Editura Mașina de Scris. p. 245. ISBN 978-973-99994-2-7. OCLC 46872499.
- ^ Livezeanu, Irina (2003). "Reviews of Books:Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania Maria Bucur". The American Historical Review. 108 (4). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1245–1247. doi:10.1086/529946. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 10.1086/529946.
Clearly there were affinities between the eugenicists and thinkers, writers, and politicians on the extreme Right such as Nichifor Crainic, Nae Ionescu, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Octavian Goga, and A.C. Cuza.
- ^ a b Clark, Roland (2012). "Nationalism and orthodoxy: Nichifor Crainic and the political culture of the extreme right in 1930s Romania". Nationalities Papers. 40 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 107–126. doi:10.1080/00905992.2011.633076. ISSN 0090-5992. S2CID 153813255.
The institute only lasted one year, but allowed Crainic to advance ideas such as anti-Masonry, anti-Semitism, and biological racism within an LANC-approved forum (Crainic, Ortodoxie 147).
- ^ Caraiani, Ovidiu (2003). "Identities and Rights in Romanian Political Discourse". Polish Sociological Review (142). Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne (Polish Sociological Association): 161–169. ISSN 1231-1413. JSTOR 41274855.
Nae Ionescu considered ethnicity as "the formula of today's Romanian nationalism," while for Nichifor Crainic the "biological homogeneousness," the "historical identity" and the "blood and the soil" were the defining elements of the "ethnocratic state."
- ^ Wedekind, Michael (2010). "The mathematization of the human being: anthropology and ethno-politics in Romania during the late 1930s and early 1940s". New Zealand Slavonic Journal. 44. Australia and New Zealand Slavists’ Association: 27–67. ISSN 0028-8683. JSTOR 41759355.
A prominent proponent of the concept of 'ethnic homogeneity' was the chauvinistic, xenophobic and pro-Nazi writer, politician, poet and professor of Theology Nichifor Crainic (1889-1972), author of "Orthodoxy and Ethnocracy" (Ortodoxie și etnocrație), published in 1938.
- ^ Ioanid, Radu (1992). "Nicolae Iorga and Fascism". Journal of Contemporary History. 27 (3). Sage Publications, Ltd.: 467–492. doi:10.1177/002200949202700305. ISSN 0022-0094. JSTOR 260901. S2CID 159706943.
Amongst those arrested for Duca's assassination were Nae Ionescu and Nichifor Crainic (a fascist ideologue, mediator between the NCP and the Iron Guards).
- ^ Friling, Tuvia; Ioanid, Radu; Ionescu, Mihail E., eds. (2004). "Antisemitic Propaganda and Official Rhetoric concerning the Judeo-Bolshevik Danger: Romanian Jews and Communism between 1938–1944" (PDF). International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania: Final Report. Iași: Polirom. pp. 93, 116. ISBN 978-973-681-989-6.
- ^ Friling, Tuvia; Ioanid, Radu; Ionescu, Mihail E., eds. (2004). "Background and Precursors to the Holocaust. Roots of Romanian Antisemitism. The League of National Christian Defense and Iron Guard Antisemitism. The Antisemitic Policies of the Goga Government and the Royal Dictatorship" (PDF). International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania: Final Report. Iași: Polirom. pp. 35–37. ISBN 978-973-681-989-6.
- ^ Zach, Cornelius R.; Zach, Krista (2010). "Dietmar Müller Staatsbürger auf Widerruf. Juden und Muslime als Alteritätspartner im rumänischen und serbischen Nationscode. Ethnonationale Staatsbürgerschaftskonzepte 1871–1941. Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden 2005. = Balkanologische Veröffentlichungen, 41. ISBN: 3-447-05248-1". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. Neue Folge (in German). 58 (4): 609–611. ISBN 978-3-515-11333-5. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
Die ideologischen Mentoren der "jungen Generation", Nae Ionescu und Nichifor Crainic, lieferten den Antisemiten (besonders der legionären Bewegung) ein theoretisches Gerüst für ihre Argumentation.
- ^ Deletant, Dennis (1993). "Reviewed Works: A Providential Anti-Semitism. Nationalism and Polity in Nineteenth-Century Romania by William O. Oldson; The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s by Leon Volovici". The Slavonic and East European Review. 71 (3). Modern Humanities Research Association: 546–548. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4211337.
Volovici's study is a complementary one; it examines competently the role of the Romanian intelligentsia in the inter-war years in legitimizing anti-Semitic ideas and thus facilitating public acceptance of them. Octavian Goga and Nichifor Crainic were extreme examples and Volovici rightly highlights their deeds and writings.