Niigata Minamata disease

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Niigata Minamata disease (新潟水俣病, Niigata Minamata-byō) is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Identical in symptoms to the original outbreak of Minamata disease in Kumamoto Prefecture, the second outbreak in Niigata Prefecture was confirmed with the same name in 1965. The disease was caused by severe mercury poisoning, the source of which was methylmercury released in the wastewater from mercury sulfate-catalysed acetaldehyde production at the Showa Electrical Company's chemical plant in Kanose village. This highly toxic compound was released untreated into the Agano River where it bioaccumulated up the food chain, contaminating fish which when eaten by local people caused symptoms including ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech.

A total of 690 people from the Agano River basin have been certified as patients of Niigata Minamata disease.^[1]

Since the Niigata outbreak was the second recorded in Japan and occurred in the Lower Agano River Basin, it is sometimes called Second Minamata disease (第二水俣病, Dai-ni Minamata-byō) or Agano River Organic Mercury Poisoning (阿賀野川有機水銀中毒, Agano-gawa Yūki-suigin Chūdoku). It is one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.