Ningxia | |
|---|---|
| Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region | |
| Chinese transcription(s) | |
| • Chinese characters | 宁夏回族自治区 |
| • Xiao'erjing | نِئٍثِيَا خُوِزُو زِجِکِیُوِ |
| • Pinyin | Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū |
| NX/宁 (Níng) transcription(s) | |
 View of the Yellow River passing through Shapotou | |
.svg) Location of Ningxia within China | |
| Country | China |
| Capital (and largest city) | Yinchuan |
| Divisions | 5 prefectures, 21 counties, 219 townships |
| Government | |
| • Type | Autonomous region |
| • Body | Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional People's Congress |
| • Party Secretary | Li Yifei |
| • Congress Chairman | Liang Yanshun |
| • Government Chairman | Zhang Yupu |
| • CPPCC Chairman | Chen Yong |
| • National People's Congress Representation | 23 deputies |
| Area | |
| • Total | 66,399.73 km2 (25,637.08 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 27th |
| Highest elevation | 3,556 m (11,667 ft) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
| • Total | 7,202,654 |
| • Rank | 30th |
| • Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 25th |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic composition | Han: 62% Hui: 38% |
| • Languages and dialects | Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin |
| GDP (2023)[3] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 531,495 million (29th)
US$ 75,425 million |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 72,957 (18th)
US$ 10,353 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-NX |
| HDI (2022) | 0.764[4] (21st) – high |
| Website | www |
.svg)
Ningxia,[a] officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in Northwestern China.
Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was later separated from Gansu in 1958 and reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia.[7]
Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi to the east, Gansu to the south and west and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north and has an area of around 66,400 square kilometres (25,600 sq mi).[1] This sparsely settled, mostly desert region lies partially on the Loess Plateau and in the vast plain of the Yellow River and features the Great Wall of China along its northeastern boundary. Over about 2000 years, an extensive system of canals (with a total length of approximately 1397 kilometers)[8] has been built from Qin dynasty. Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projects have made increased cultivation possible. The arid region of Xihaigu, which covers large parts of the province, suffers from severe water shortage, which the canals were intended to alleviate.[9]
Ningxia was the core area of the Western Xia in the 11th–13th centuries, established by the Tangut people; its name, "Peaceful Xia", derived from the Mongol conquest of the state.[10] The Tanguts made significant achievements in literature, art, music, and architecture, particularly invented Tangut script. Long one of the country's poorest areas, a small winemaking industry has become economically important since the 1980s. Before the arrival of viticulture, Ningxia's 6.8 million people, 36 per cent of whom are Muslims from the Hui ethnic group, relied largely on animal grazing, subsistence agriculture and the cultivation of wolfberries used in traditional Chinese medicine. Since then, winemaking has become the premier specialty of Ningxia, and the province devotes almost 40,000 hectares to vineyards and producing 120 million bottles of wine in 2017 – a quarter of the entire nation's production.[11]
- ^ a b "Administrative Divisions (2013)". Ningxia Statistical Yearbook 2014. Statistical Bureau of Ningxia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "National Data". China NBS. March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024. see also "zh: 2023年宁夏回族自治区国民经济和社会发展统计公报". ningxia.gov.cn. 29 April 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024. The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar "Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development" (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
- ^ "Human Development Indices (8.0)- China". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Ningxia". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021.
- ^ "Ningxia". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
- ^ "By Choosing Assimilation, China's Hui Have Become One of the World's Most Successful Muslim Minorities". The Economist. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- ^ "Níngxià huízú zìzhìqū zīyuán gàikuàng" 宁夏回族自治区资源概况 [Overview of Resources in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region]. Zhōngguó wǎng (in Chinese). 17 December 2009. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ In China's Ningxia province, water shortage is so severe that the government is relocating people
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
britannicawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tobin, Meaghan (12 May 2019). "Can China Become the Wine World's Next California?". South China Morning Post.
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