Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam
Clinical data
Trade names	Alodorm, Apodorm, Arem, Cerson, Insoma, Insomin, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Nitrosun, Nitravet, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, Epam, and Somnite
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Dependence; liability	Physical: High Psychological: Moderate
Addiction; liability	Moderate
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	N05CD02 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Schedule IV; DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses); UN: Psychotropic Schedule IV;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	53–94%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	16–38 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 7-nitro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one;
CAS Number	146-22-5 ;
PubChem CID	4506;
DrugBank	DB01595 ;
ChemSpider	4350 ;
UNII	9CLV70W7HS;
KEGG	D00531 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:7581 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL13209 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5023372 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.151
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H11N3O3
Molar mass	281.271 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES [O-][N+](C1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC(CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3)=O)=O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H11N3O3/c19-14-9-16-15(10-4-2-1-3-5-10)12-8-11(18(20)21)6-7-13(12)17-14/h1-8H,9H2,(H,17,19) ; Key:KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others,^[2]^[3] is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia.^[4] It also has sedative (calming) properties,^[5] as well as amnestic (inducing forgetfulness), anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.

It was first synthesized in the late 1950s by a team of researchers at Hoffmann-La Roche in Switzerland.^[6] It was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1965.^[7]

^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^ "Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
^ "INSOMIN tabletti 5 mg". laaketietokeskus.fi.
^ "Hypnotics and anxiolytics". BNF. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
^ Yasui M, Kato A, Kanemasa T, Murata S, Nishitomi K, Koike K, et al. (June 2005). "[Pharmacological profiles of benzodiazepinergic hypnotics and correlations with receptor subtypes]". Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Psychopharmacology. 25 (3): 143–151. OCLC 111086408. PMID 16045197.
^ "Benzodiazepines". Release. 2013-04-09. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 537. ISBN 9783527607495.

[1] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

[2] "Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2008-12-29.

[3] "INSOMIN tabletti 5 mg". laaketietokeskus.fi.

[4] "Hypnotics and anxiolytics". BNF. Retrieved 2014-08-14.

[5] Yasui M, Kato A, Kanemasa T, Murata S, Nishitomi K, Koike K, et al. (June 2005). "[Pharmacological profiles of benzodiazepinergic hypnotics and correlations with receptor subtypes]". Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Psychopharmacology. 25 (3): 143–151. OCLC 111086408. PMID 16045197.

[6] "Benzodiazepines". Release. 2013-04-09. Retrieved 2023-03-22.

[Fis2006-7] Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 537. ISBN 9783527607495.

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