 | This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. (February 2017) |
| Notochord | |
|---|---|
 Transverse section of a chick embryo of forty-five hours' incubation. | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | Axial mesoderm |
| Gives rise to | Nucleus pulposus |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | notochorda |
| MeSH | D009672 |
| TE | E5.0.1.1.0.0.8 |
| FMA | 85521 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
In zoology and developmental anatomy, the notochord is an elastic, rod-like anatomical structure found in animals of the phylum Chordata. A notochord is one of five synapomorphies, or shared derived characteristics, used to identify a species as a chordate.
The notochord is derived from the embryonic mesoderm and consists of an inner core of vacuolated cells filled with glycoproteins, covered by two helical collagen-elastin sheaths. It lies along the rostral-caudal axis of the body (i.e. longitudinally or "head to tail"), dorsal to the gut tube and ventral to the dorsal nerve cord. Some chordates, such as tunicates, develop notochord during the larval stage but lose it through subsequent stages into adulthood.
The notochord is important for signaling the dorso-ventral patterning of cells coming from the mesodermal progenitors. This helps form the precursors needed for certain organs and the embryo to develop. In summary, the notochord plays essential roles in embryonic development.
The notochord provides a directional reference to the surrounding tissue as a midline structure during the embryonic development, acts as a precursor for vertebrae and a primitive axial endoskeleton, and can allow for facilitated tail motion when swimming.[1]
- ^ Schifferl, D., Scholze-Wittler, M., Villaronga Luque, A., Pustet, M., Wittler, L., Veenvliet, J. V., Koch, F., & Herrmann, B. G. (2023). Genome-wide identification of notochord enhancers comprising the regulatory landscape of the brachyury locus in mouse. Development (Cambridge, England), 150(22). https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202111