| Nutcracker syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Nutcracker phenomenon, renal vein entrapment syndrome, mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein |
 | |
| The nutcracker syndrome results from compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. | |
The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), although other variants exist.[1][2] The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein).
There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis.[1] The first clinical report of Nutcracker phenomenon appeared in 1950.[3]
This condition is not to be confused with superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA and the AA.
- ^ a b Kurklinsky AK, Rooke TW (June 2010). "Nutcracker phenomenon and nutcracker syndrome". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (6): 552–9. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0586. PMC 2878259. PMID 20511485.
- ^ Sugimoto I, Takashi O, Ishibashi H, Takeuchi N, Nagata Y, Honda Y (2001). "Left Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome (Nutcracker Syndrome) treated with Left Renal Vein Transposition". JNP J Vasc Surg. 10: 503–7.
- ^ Kurklinsky, Andrew K.; Rooke, Thom W. (June 2010). "Nutcracker Phenomenon and Nutcracker Syndrome". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (6): 552–559. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0586. ISSN 0025-6196. PMC 2878259. PMID 20511485.