 | This article has an unclear citation style. (August 2018) |
| Nutritional anemia | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Hematology |
| Symptoms | Feeling tired, shortness of breath, pale skin, lightheadedness, fast heart rate, chest pain, burning or numbness, and depression |
| Causes | Nutritional disorder |
| Diagnostic method | FBC- Red blood cell count, Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
Grouping and crosshatching. Serum for vitamin B12 diagnosis. Bone marrow aspiration. History and physical examination. |
Anemia is a deficiency in the size or number of red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin they contain.[1] This deficiency limits the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the tissue cells.[1] Globally, young children, women, and older adults are at the highest risk of developing anemia.[1] Anemia can be classified based on different parameters, and one classification depends on whether it is related to nutrition or not so there are two types: nutritional anemia and non-nutritional anemia.[1] Nutritional anemia refers to anemia that can be directly attributed to nutritional disorders or deficiencies. Examples include Iron deficiency anemia and pernicious anemia.[2] It is often discussed in a pediatric context.[3][4][5][6]
According to the World Health Organization, a hemoglobin concentration below 110 g/L for children under 5 years of age and pregnant women, and below 130 g/L for men indicates anemia. Hemoglobin is a blood protein that transports oxygen to the cells of the body. Without oxygen, the human body cannot undergo respiration and create Adenosine triphosphate, thereby depriving cells of energy.[7]
Nutritional anemia can be caused by a lack of iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals that are needed for the formation of hemoglobin. However, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder.[7]
Signs of anemia include cyanosis, jaundice, and easy bruising.[7] In addition, anemic patients may experience difficulties with memory and concentration, fatigue, lightheadedness, sensitivity to temperature, low energy levels, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Symptoms of severe or rapid-onset anemia are very dangerous as the body is unable to adjust to the lack of hemoglobin. This may result in shock and death. Mild and moderate anemia have symptoms that develop slowly over time.[5] If patients believe that they are at risk for or experience symptoms of anemia, they should contact their doctor.[8]
- ^ a b c d Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan B. (2021-12-20). "Krause and Mahan's Food and the Nutrition Care Process – 1st Southeast Asia Edition". Malaysian Journal of Nutrition. 27 (3). doi:10.31246/mjn-2021-27-3-book-review.
- ^ "Nutritional Anemias And Anemia of Chronic Disease". MedicalAssistantOnlinePrograms.org/. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ STURGEON P (May 1952). "Treatment of nutritional anemia in infants". Calif Med. 76 (5): 346–9. PMC 1521268. PMID 14935884.
- ^ Sinha N, Deshmukh PR, Garg BS (February 2008). "Epidemiological correlates of nutritional anemia among children (6-35 months) in rural Wardha, Central India". Indian J Med Sci. 62 (2): 45–54. doi:10.4103/0019-5359.39366. hdl:1807/55103. PMID 18319531.
- ^ Vieira AC, Diniz AS, Cabral PC, et al. (2007). "Nutritional assessment of iron status and anemia in children under 5 years old at public daycare centers". J Pediatr (Rio J). 83 (4): 370–6. doi:10.2223/JPED.1680. PMID 17676239.
- ^ West CE (November 1996). "Strategies to control nutritional anemia". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64 (5): 789–90. doi:10.1093/ajcn/64.5.789. PMID 8901803.
- ^ a b c "Nutritional Anemia." The Free Dictionary. Accessed March 31, 2017. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nutritionalanemia.
- ^ “What are the symptoms of anemia?” Health Grades, INC. Accessed March 31, 2017. https://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/anemia--symptoms.