Occupation of Mongolia

Outer Mongolia 外蒙古 ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
1919–1921
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: 《中華雄立宇宙間》 "China Heroically Stands in the Universe"
Map of the Republic of China (excluding the de facto independent Tibet) and its occupation of the Outer Mongolia and Uryankhay Krai regions (shown in light green).
Status	Military occupation by the Republic of China
Capital	Niislel Khüree (now Ulaanbaatar)
Common languages	Mongolian Tuvan
Religion	Tibetan Buddhism
Government	Direct control from Chinaa
Bogd Khan
History
• Chinese troops occupy Urga	October 1919
• Chinese troops defeated at Maimachinb	March 1921
Preceded by Succeeded by Mongolia Uryankhay Krai Mongolia Uryankhay Krai
Subsequently under Baron Ungern. By White Russian forces under Ungern and subsequently by Mongolian People's Party and Russian Red Army forces.[1]

History of Mongolia
Timeline States Rulers Nobility Culture Politics Geography Language Religion
Prehistoric period Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150 BC Deer stones culture 1400–700 BC Slab-grave culture 1100–300 BC Chandman culture 700–300 BC Pazyryk culture 600–300 BC
Ancient period Xiongnu 209 BC–93 AD Xianbei state 93–234 Rouran Khaganate 330–555 Göktürks (First, Eastern, and Second Turkic Khaganates) 555–630 682–744 Xueyantuo 628–646 Tang protectorate 647–682 Uyghur Khaganate 744–840 Liao dynasty 907–1125
Medieval period Mongol khanates 9th–12th century Khamag Mongol 1130–1206 Mongol Empire 1206–1368 Yuan dynasty 1271–1368 Northern Yuan 1368–1635 Oirat Confederation 1399–1634 Dzungar Khanate 1634–1757 Qing dynasty 1691–1911
Modern period National Revolution 1911 Bogd Khaganate 1911–1919 Chinese occupation 1919–1921 People's Revolution (Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate) 1921 1921–1924 People's Republic 1924–1992 Democratic Revolution 1990 Modern Mongolia 1990–present
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The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy (Chinese: 外蒙古撤治) began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats,^[2] Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces.^[3] These, in turn, were defeated by the Red Army and its Mongolian allies by June 1921.

Although the Beiyang government abolished the autonomy of the Bogd Khanate in Outer Mongolia and then expanded its occupation to include Uryankhay Krai (Tuva), it was unable to consolidate its rule over both regions.