Odysseas Androutsos

"Androutsos" redirects here. For other uses, see Androutsos (disambiguation).

Odysseas Androutsos
Portrait of Androutsos entitled Odysseus Tritzo (Adam Friedel, 1830).
Native name
Οδυσσέας Ανδρούτσος
Birth nameOdysseas Verousis
Οδυσσέας Βερούσης
Nickname(s)Kapudan Disava
Bornc. 1788[1]-1790[2]
Ithaca or Preveza, Republic of Venice (now Greece)
Died5 June 1825 (aged 37)
Frankish Tower, Athens, First Hellenic Republic
Buried
Base of the north side of the Acropolis (1825–1865)
First Cemetery of Athens (1865–1967)
Central square of Preveza (1967–present)
AllegianceOttoman Empire Pashalik of Yanina (1805/1810-1820)
Revolutionary Greece (1821)
Greece First Hellenic Republic (1822–1825)
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire (1825)
Service / branch Hellenic Army
CommandsCommander-in-Chief of Central Greece
Battles / wars
Spouse(s)Eleni Kareli
ChildrenLeonidas Androutsos
RelationsAndreas Verousis (father)
Akrivi Tsarlampa (mother)
Lambros Katsonis (godfather)
Other workMember of the Filiki Etaireia

Odysseas Androutsos (Greek: Οδυσσέας Ανδρούτσος; 1788-1790 – 1825; born Odysseas Verousis Greek: Οδυσσέας Βερούσης) was a Greek armatolos in eastern continental Greece and a prominent figure of the Greek War of Independence.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Born in Ithaca,[10] the son of an Arvanite klepht and privateer from Roumeli and a Greek mother[11] from a family of notables from Preveza in the Ionian islands.[12][13] He joined the court of his father's old friend,[14] the Ottoman Albanian ruler Ali Pasha of the increasingly independent Pashalik of Yanina, became one of his commanders and was appointed armatolos of Livadeia in 1816. In 1818 or 1820 he became a member of the Greek revolutionary organization Filiki Eteria.[15][16][17][18]

When Ali Pasha rebelled against the Sultan, Androutsos initially supported Ali, but he abandoned besieged Yannina for the Ionian islands in October 1820. He joined the Greek War of Independence in 1821, and he was distinguished as a commander in the Battle of Gravia Inn in May 1821. As a result of the battle, he was appointed military commander of eastern mainland Greece by the Greek revolutionary government. Androutos was twice accused by the Greek revolutionary government of treachery owing to his negotiating initiative with his Albanian enemies as a means of effective distraction when he could not repel them.[19] In 1824 Androutsos did not take sides in the Greek civil war. After falling out with the rebels in 1825, he asked for and received amnesty from the Imperial court, switching allegiances permanently and joining the army of the Ottoman Albanian ruler Omer Vrioni, pasha of Ioannina.[20][19] In a battle near Livadeia, he was captured by the units of the revolutionary army and executed a few days later.

Scholars have variously described him as a hero or a traitor to the Greek cause in the Greek War of Independence.[21][3][22][23] In Greece he is today considered one of the most prominent heroes of the Greek War of Independence.

  1. ^ Deligiannis, Periklis (2009). "Οδυσσέας Ανδρούτσος : Η μάχη της Γραβιάς (8 Μαϊου 1821)" [Odysseas Androutsos : The battle of Gravia (8 May 1821)]. Στρατιωτική Ιστορία ("Military History") (in Greek). Περισκόπιο ("Periskopio") (151): 12.
  2. ^ Στάθης 2003, p. 8
  3. ^ a b John S. Koliopoulos; Thanos M. Veremis (27 October 2009). Modern Greece: A History since 1821. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-1-4443-1483-0. OCLC 1037469979.
  4. ^ Nigel Patten (8 June 2021). Byron: A Play in Three Acts. Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency. ISBN 978-1-68235-455-1. OCLC 1258219244. ...Greek revolutionary Odysseas Androutsos
  5. ^ Philip de Souza (19 May 2013). Christopher Matthew; Matthew Trundle (eds.). Beyond the Gates of Fire: New Perspectives on the Battle of Thermopylae. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-78346-910-9. OCLC 1047705748.
  6. ^ Thomas W Gallant (21 January 2015). Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-3607-5. OCLC 1062180277. ...and the Greek Odyseas Androutsos.
  7. ^ Ian F. W. Beckett (26 July 2001). Modern Insurgencies and Counter-Insurgencies: Guerrillas and their Opponents since 1750. Routledge. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-134-55394-5. ...Greek military commanders, such as Odysseas Androutsos
  8. ^ Freely, John (1991). Strolling Through Athens: A Guide to the City. Penguin Books. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-14-012650-1. The Greek commander Odysseus Androutsos then built a bastion around the spring so as to enclose it within the fortifications of the Acropolis
  9. ^ Mazower 2021, p. 117: "The bewildering twists and turns of local leaders in the region shadowed Ali Pasha’s shifting fortunes. Three of his most trusted Albanian lieutenants switched to fight for the Sultan, and then against him, and then for him again, all within the space of a year. They had their Greek counterparts, men such as Georgios Karaïskakis and Odysseus Androutsos, both later hailed as heroes of the revolution."
  10. ^ Stabakis 2010, p. 348.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Xiradaki was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Deligiannis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Στάθης 2003, p. 9
  14. ^ Grillo 2003, pp. 62, 69.
  15. ^ Στάθης 2003, pp. 14–15
  16. ^ Deligiannis, Periklis (2009). "Οδυσσέας Ανδρούτσος : Η μάχη της Γραβιάς (8 Μαϊου 1821)" [Odysseas Androutsos : The battle of Gravia (8 May 1821)]. Στρατιωτική Ιστορία ("Military History") (in Greek). Περισκόπιο ("Periskopio") (151): pp. 13.
  17. ^ Ioanna Diamantourou (1975): Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΒ΄: Η Ελληνική Επανάσταση (1821–1832) [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XII: The Greek Revolution (1821–1832)] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 113–115. ISBN 978-960-213-108-4.
  18. ^ Kalliopi Fouseki; Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen; Grete Swensen, eds. (25 July 2019). Heritage and Sustainable Urban Transformations: Deep Cities. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-87099-6.
  19. ^ a b Papastamatiou 2021, p. 404.
  20. ^ Isabella 2023, pp. 180–181.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Thomopoulos was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference Theofanis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference Koliopoulos was invoked but never defined (see the help page).