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| Location | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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| Coordinates | 37°48′29″S 144°57′55″E / 37.80806°S 144.96528°E |
| Status | Museum |
| Opened | 1 January 1845 |
| Closed | July 1924 |
| Managed by | National Trust of Australia |
| Website | www |
| Official name | Old Melbourne Gaol |
| Type | State Registered Place |
| Designated | 20 August 1982 |
| Reference no. | H1553[1] |
| Heritage Overlay number | HO789[1] |
The Old Melbourne Gaol is a former jail and current museum on Russell Street, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It consists of a bluestone building and courtyard, and is located next to the old City Police Watch House and City Courts buildings, and opposite the Russell Street Police Headquarters. It was first constructed starting in 1839, and during its operation as a prison between 1845 and 1924, it held and executed some of Australia's most notorious criminals, including bushranger Ned Kelly and serial killer Frederick Bailey Deeming. In total, 133 people were executed by hanging. Though it was used briefly during World War II, it formally ceased operating as a prison in 1924; with parts of the jail being incorporated into the RMIT University, and the rest becoming a museum.
The three-storey museum displays information and memorabilia of the prisoners and staff, including death masks of the executed criminals. At one time the museum displayed what was believed at the time to be Ned Kelly's skull, before it was stolen in 1978; as well as the pencil used by wrongly convicted Colin Campbell Ross to protest his innocence in writing, before being executed.
- ^ a b "Old Melbourne Gaol". Victorian Heritage Database. Government of Victoria. Retrieved 26 November 2023.