Ondansetron

Ondansetron
Clinical data
Trade namesZofran, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601209
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, thin film
Drug class
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability~60%
Protein binding70–76%
MetabolismLiver (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6)
Elimination half-life5.7 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-9-Methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4(9H)-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.110.918 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H19N3O
Molar mass293.370 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C1c2c3ccccc3n(C)c2CCC1Cn4ccnc4C
  • InChI=1S/C18H19N3O/c1-12-19-9-10-21(12)11-13-7-8-16-17(18(13)22)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20(16)2/h3-6,9-10,13H,7-8,11H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Ondansetron, sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, migraines, or surgery.[8] It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis.[9][10] It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously (injection into a vein).[8]

Common side effects include diarrhea, constipation, headache, sleepiness, and itchiness.[8] Serious side effects include QT prolongation and severe allergic reaction.[8] It appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied in this group.[8] It is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.[8] It does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.[11]

Ondansetron was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1990.[12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13] It is available as a generic medication.[8] In 2022, it was the 61st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.[14][15]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ondansetron international was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Ondansetron Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Zofran Product and Consumer Medicine Information Licence". TGA eBS. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  4. ^ "Zofran Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Zofran Tablets 4 mg - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 19 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zofran FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "List of nationally authorised medicinal products : Active substance: ondansetron :Procedure no.: PSUSA/00002217/202102" (PDF). Ema.europa.eu. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "Ondansetron Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  9. ^ Schnadower D, Finkelstein Y, Freedman SB (January 2015). "Ondansetron and probiotics in the management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in developed countries". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. 31 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000132. PMID 25333367. S2CID 9334264.
  10. ^ Freedman SB, Ali S, Oleszczuk M, Gouin S, Hartling L (July 2013). "Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries". Evidence-Based Child Health. 8 (4): 1123–37. doi:10.1002/ebch.1932. PMID 23877938.
  11. ^ Miloro M, ed. (2012). Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery (3rd ed.). Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-60795-111-7. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016.
  12. ^ FischerJ, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 448. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  13. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  14. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  15. ^ "Ondansetron Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.