Order to expel barbarians

An 1861 image expressing the Joi (攘夷, "Expel the Barbarians") sentiment.
Choshu cannons firing on Western shipping in Shimonoseki. Japanese painting.

The Order to expel barbarians (攘夷勅命 or 攘夷実行の勅命, jōi chokumei or jōi jikkō no chokumei) was an edict issued by the Japanese Emperor Kōmei in 1863 against the Westernization of Japan following the opening of the country by Commodore Matthew Perry in 1854.