| Orlando furioso | |
|---|---|
| by Ludovico Ariosto | |
 Orlando Furioso title page, Valgrisi Edition, 1558 | |
| Translator | John Harington Temple Henry Croker John Hoole William Stewart Rose Barbara Reynolds David R. Slavitt Guido Waldman |
| Written | 1506–1532 |
| First published in | 1516, with revisions in 1521 and 1532 |
| Country | Duchy of Ferrara |
| Language | Italian |
| Subject(s) | Matter of France, Matter of Britain |
| Genre(s) | chivalric romance |
| Form | epic poem of 46 cantos |
| Meter | ottava rima[1] |
| Rhyme scheme | abababcc |
| Publication date | 1516, 1521, 1532 |
| Published in English | 1591 |
| Media type | print: hardback |
| Lines | 38,736 |
| Preceded by | Orlando innamorato |
| Full text | |
 Orlando Furioso at Wikisource | |
Orlando furioso (Italian pronunciation: [orˈlando fuˈrjoːzo, -so]; The Frenzy of Orlando) is an Italian epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto which has exerted a wide influence on later culture. The earliest version appeared in 1516, although the poem was not published in its complete form until 1532. Orlando furioso is a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's unfinished romance Orlando innamorato (Orlando in Love, published posthumously in 1495). In its historical setting and characters, it shares some features with the Old French La Chanson de Roland of the eleventh century, which tells of the death of Roland. The story is also a chivalric romance which stemmed from a tradition beginning in the late Middle Ages and continuing in popularity in the 16th century and well into the 17th.
Orlando is the Christian knight known in French (and subsequently English) as Roland. The story takes place against the background of the war between Charlemagne's Christian paladins and the Saracen army that has invaded Europe and is attempting to overthrow the Christian empire. The poem is about knights and ladies, war and love, and the romantic ideal of chivalry.[2] It mixes realism and fantasy, humor and tragedy.[3] The stage is the entire world, plus a trip to the Moon. The large cast of characters features Christians and Saracens, soldiers and sorcerers, and fantastic creatures including a gigantic sea monster called the Orc and a flying horse called the hippogriff. Many themes are interwoven in its complicated episodic structure, but the most important are the paladin Orlando's unrequited love for the pagan princess Angelica, which drives him mad; the love between the female Christian warrior Bradamante and the Saracen Ruggiero, who are supposed to be the ancestors of Ariosto's patrons, the House of Este of Ferrara; and the war between Christian and Infidel.[4]
The poem is divided into forty-six cantos, each containing a variable number of eight-line stanzas in ottava rima (a rhyme scheme of abababcc). Ottava rima had been used in previous Italian romantic epics, including Luigi Pulci's Morgante and Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato. Ariosto's work is 38,736 lines long in total, making it one of the longest poems in European literature.[5]
- ^ Teagarden, Lucetta J. (25 March 2019). "Theory and Practice in English Versions of "Orlando Furioso"". The University of Texas Studies in English. 34: 18–34. JSTOR 20776085.
- ^ "Ariosto, Ludovico (1474–1533) - Orlando Furioso: Canto I, In Pursuit of Angelica". www.poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
- ^ Orlando Furioso, Penguin Classics, Barbara Reynolds, translator, 1977
- ^ Waley's introduction, passim
- ^ Reynolds p. 12