Orthohantavirus

Orthohantavirus
Transmission electron micrograph of "Sin Nombre orthohantavirus"
Transmission electron micrograph of Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Hantaviridae
Subfamily: Mammantavirinae
Genus: Orthohantavirus
Synonyms[2]

Hantavirus

Orthohantavirus is a genus of single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses in the family Hantaviridae within the order Bunyavirales.[3] Members of this genus may be called orthohantaviruses or simply hantaviruses.

Orthohantaviruses typically cause chronic asymptomatic infection in rodents.[3][4] Humans may become infected with hantaviruses through contact with rodent urine, saliva, or feces. Some strains cause potentially fatal diseases in humans, such as hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS),[5] while others have not been associated with known human disease (e.g. Prospect Hill virus).[6] HPS (HCPS) is a "rare respiratory illness associated with the inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta (urine and feces) contaminated by hantavirus particles".[5]

Human infections of hantaviruses have almost entirely been linked to human contact with rodent excrement; however, in 2005 and 2019, human-to-human transmission of the Andes virus was reported in South America.[7]

Orthohantaviruses are named for the Greek word ortho- meaning "straight" or "true" and for the Hantan River in South Korea, where the first member species (Hantaan virus) was identified and isolated in 1976 by Ho Wang Lee.[8][9]

  1. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  2. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy all history: Orthohantavirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Rodent-borne diseases". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
  4. ^ Meyer, Barbara J; Schmaljohn, Connie S (February 2000). "Persistent hantavirus infections: characteristics and mechanisms". Trends in Microbiology. 8 (2): 61–67. doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01658-3. PMID 10664598.
  5. ^ a b Drebot, Jones S.; Grolla, A.; Safronetz, D.; Strong, J. E.; Kobinger, G.; Lindsay, R. L. (4 June 2015). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Canada: An overview of clinical features, diagnostics, epidemiology and prevention. Canada Communicable Disease Report (Report). Vector-borne diseases in Canada. Vol. 41–6. Winnipeg, MB: National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada. p. 40. ISSN 1481-8531.
  6. ^ Krüger, Detlev H.; Schönrich, Günther; Klempa, Boris (June 2011). "Human pathogenic hantaviruses and prevention of infection". Human Vaccines. 7 (6): 685–693. doi:10.4161/hv.7.6.15197. PMC 3219076. PMID 21508676.
  7. ^ Watson, Dionysios Christos; Sargianou, Maria; Papa, Anna; Chra, Paraskevi; Starakis, Ioannis; Panos, George (August 2014). "Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: A comprehensive, global overview". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 40 (3): 261–272. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.783555. PMID 23607444. S2CID 42311842.
  8. ^ Mir, Mohammed (March 2010). "Hantaviruses". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 30 (1): 67–91. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2010.01.004. ISSN 0272-2712. PMC 2880890. PMID 20513542.
  9. ^ "ICTV 9th Report (2011) – Negative Sense RNA Viruses – Bunyaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 31 January 2019. Hanta: from Hantaan, river in South Korea near where type virus was isolated.