Ottoman Crete Eyālet-i Girīt (1667–1867) Vilayet-i Girit (1867–1898) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1667–1898 | |||||||||
.svg) Flag | |||||||||
.png) Crete within the Ottoman Empire in 1895 | |||||||||
| Capital | Kandiye (1669–1850) Kanea (1850–1898) 35°20′N 25°8′E / 35.333°N 25.133°E | ||||||||
| Wali | |||||||||
• 1693-1695 | Çelebi Ismail Pasha | ||||||||
• 1898 | Shakir Pasha | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1667 | ||||||||
| 1898 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1876[2] | 7,800 km2 (3,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1870[1] | 280,000 | ||||||||
• 1876[2] | 220,000 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Greece | ||||||||
The island of Crete (Ottoman Turkish: كریت, romanized: Girit)[3] was declared an Ottoman province (eyalet) in 1646, after the Ottomans managed to conquer the western part of the island as part of the Cretan War,[4] but the Venetians maintained their hold on the capital Candia, until 1669, when Francesco Morosini surrendered the keys of the town.[4] The offshore island fortresses of Souda, Grambousa, and Spinalonga would remain under Venetian rule until 1715, when they were also captured by the Ottomans.[4]
Crete took part in the Greek War of Independence, but the local uprising was suppressed with the aid of Muhammad Ali of Egypt. The island remained under Egyptian control until 1840, when it was restored to full Ottoman authority. After the Cretan Revolt (1866–1869) and especially the Pact of Halepa in 1878, the island received significant autonomy, but Ottoman violations of the autonomy statutes and Cretan aspirations for eventual union with the Kingdom of Greece led to the Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) and the Greco-Turkish War (1897). Despite an Ottoman victory in the war, Crete became an autonomous state in 1898 because of intervention in favour of Greece by European powers and was united with Greece after the Balkan Wars.
- ^ Reports by Her Majesty's secretaries of embassy and legation on the ... Great Britain. Foreign office. 1870. p. 176.
- ^ Pavet de Courteille, Abel (1876). État présent de l'empire ottoman (in French). J. Dumaine. pp. 107–108.
- ^ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- ^ a b c Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, p. 157, at Google Books By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters