Oxcarbazepine

Oxcarbazepine
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ɒks.kɑːrˈbæz.ɪˌpiːn/
Trade namesTrileptal, Oxtellar XR, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601245
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability>95%
MetabolismLiver (cytosolic enzymes and glucuronic acid)
Elimination half-life1–5 hours (healthy adults)
ExcretionKidney (<1%)[3]
Identifiers
  • 10,11-dihydro-10-oxo-5H-dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.044.702 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H12N2O2
Molar mass252.273 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C3c1c(cccc1)N(c2ccccc2C3)C(=O)N
  • InChI=1S/C15H12N2O2/c16-15(19)17-12-7-3-1-5-10(12)9-14(18)11-6-2-4-8-13(11)17/h1-8H,9H2,(H2,16,19) checkY
  • Key:CTRLABGOLIVAIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Oxcarbazepine, sold under the brand name Trileptal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy.[3][5] For epilepsy it is used for both focal seizures and generalized seizures.[6] It has been used both alone and as add-on therapy in people with bipolar disorder who have had no success with other treatments.[7][5] It is taken by mouth.[3][5]

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, double vision and trouble with walking.[3] Serious side effects may include anaphylaxis, liver problems, pancreatitis, suicide ideation, and an abnormal heart beat.[3][6] While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, use may be less risky than having a seizure.[1][8] Use is not recommended during breastfeeding.[1] In those with an allergy to carbamazepine there is a 25% risk of problems with oxcarbazepine.[3] How it works is not entirely clear.[5]

Oxcarbazepine was patented in 1969 and came into medical use in 1990.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[6] In 2022, it was the 167th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.[10][11]

  1. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Preg2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Trileptal- oxcarbazepine tablet, film coated Trileptal- oxcarbazepine suspension". DailyMed. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  4. ^ "List of nationally authorised medicinal products : Active substance: oxcarbazepine : Procedure no.: PSUSA/00002235/202108" (PDF). Ema.europa.eu. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d "Oxcarbazepine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  6. ^ a b c British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 319–320. ISBN 9780857113382.
  7. ^ Mazza M, Di Nicola M, Martinotti G, Taranto C, Pozzi G, Conte G, et al. (April 2007). "Oxcarbazepine in bipolar disorder: a critical review of the literature". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 8 (5): 649–656. doi:10.1517/14656566.8.5.649. PMID 17376019. S2CID 25068107.
  8. ^ Athar F, Ehsan M, Farooq M, Lo KB, Cheema HA, Ahmad S, et al. (May 2022). "Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes following in-utero exposure to oxcarbazepine: A systematic review and meta-analysis". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 88 (8): 3000–09. doi:10.1111/bcp.15413. PMID 35591806.
  9. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR, eds. (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 532. ISBN 9783527607495.
  10. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Oxcarbazepine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.