Oxymonad

Oxymonads
Monocercomonoides melolanthae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Excavata
Phylum:
Metamonada
Class:
Preaxostyla
Order:
Oxymonadida

Grassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003
Families
Synonyms
  • Oxymonadales
  • Polymastigales Engler 1898
  • Polymastigida Calkins 1902
  • Polymastigina Blochmann 1895
  • Polymastigoda Seligo 1886
  • Pyrsonymphales
  • Pyrsonymphida Grassé 1952

The Oxymonads (or Oxymonadida) are a group of flagellated protists found exclusively in the intestines of animals, mostly termites and other wood-eating insects. Along with the similar parabasalid flagellates, they harbor the symbiotic bacteria that are responsible for breaking down cellulose. There is no evidence for presence of mitochondria (not even anaerobic mitochondrion-like organelles like hydrogenosomes or mitosomes) in oxymonads[1] and three species have been shown to completely lack any molecular markers of mitochondria.[2]

It includes e.g. Dinenympha, Pyrsonympha, Oxymonas,[3] Streblomastix,[4] Monocercomonoides, and Blattamonas.[5]

  1. ^ Hampl, Vladimir (2016), Archibald, John M.; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Slamovits, Claudio H.; Margulis, Lynn (eds.), "Preaxostyla", Handbook of the Protists, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–36, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_8-1, ISBN 978-3-319-32669-6, retrieved 2024-04-15
  2. ^ Novák, Lukáš V. F.; Treitli, Sebastian C.; Pyrih, Jan; Hałakuc, Paweł; Pipaliya, Shweta V.; Vacek, Vojtěch; Brzoň, Ondřej; Soukal, Petr; Eme, Laura; Dacks, Joel B.; Karnkowska, Anna; Eliáš, Marek; Hampl, Vladimír (2023-12-07). Dutcher, Susan K. (ed.). "Genomics of Preaxostyla Flagellates Illuminates the Path Towards the Loss of Mitochondria". PLOS Genetics. 19 (12): e1011050. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011050. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 10703272. PMID 38060519.
  3. ^ Moriya S, Dacks JB, Takagi A, et al. (2003). "Molecular phylogeny of three oxymonad genera: Pyrsonympha, Dinenympha and Oxymonas". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 50 (3): 190–7. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00115.x. PMID 12836875. S2CID 26831383.
  4. ^ Treitli, Sebastian C.; Kolisko, Martin; Husník, Filip; Keeling, Patrick J.; Hampl, Vladimír (2019-09-24). "Revealing the metabolic capacity of Streblomastix strix and its bacterial symbionts using single-cell metagenomics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (39): 19675–19684. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11619675T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1910793116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6765251. PMID 31492817.
  5. ^ Treitli, Sebastian C.; Kotyk, Michael; Yubuki, Naoji; Jirounková, Eliška; Vlasáková, Jitka; Smejkalová, Pavla; Šípek, Petr; Čepička, Ivan; Hampl, Vladimír (November 2018). "Molecular and Morphological Diversity of the Oxymonad Genera Monocercomonoides and Blattamonas gen. nov". Protist. 169 (5): 744–783. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2018.06.005. PMID 30138782.