P16

CDKN2A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2A5E, 1A5E, 1BI7, 1DC2,%%s1A5E, 1BI7, 1DC2, 2A5E
Identifiers
Aliases	CDKN2A, CDK4I, CDKN2, CMM2, INK4, INK4A, MLM, MTS-1, MTS1, P14, P14ARF, P16, P16-INK4A, P16INK4, P16INK4A, P19, P19ARF, TP16, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, Genes, p16, ARF.
External IDs	OMIM: 600160; MGI: 104738; HomoloGene: 55430; GeneCards: CDKN2A; OMA:CDKN2A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[1] Band 9p21.3 Start 21,967,752 bp[1] End 21,995,301 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 C4|4 42.15 cM Start 89,192,708 bp[2] End 89,212,890 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in parotid gland pituitary gland testicle anterior pituitary subthalamic nucleus tongue ventral tegmental area mucosa of pharynx superior surface of tongue external globus pallidus Top expressed in yolk sac stroma of bone marrow morula embryo glossopharyngeal ganglion endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel lumbar subsegment of spinal cord calvaria greater petrosal nerve muscle of thigh More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function NF-kappaB binding protein binding cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity protein kinase binding RNA binding DNA binding p53 binding transcription factor binding MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity SUMO transferase activity disordered domain specific binding ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol senescence-associated heterochromatin focus nucleus nuclear body nucleoplasm nucleolus mitochondrion protein-containing complex Biological process positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity replicative senescence G1 phase negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion cellular senescence negative regulation of cell growth positive regulation of cellular senescence positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process cell cycle Ras protein signal transduction negative regulation of phosphorylation negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity negative regulation of cell population proliferation G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle apoptotic process regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of protein stability negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus regulation of protein export from nucleus negative regulation of protein kinase activity negative regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process protein K63-linked ubiquitination positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator somatic stem cell division protein stabilization protein polyubiquitination positive regulation of protein sumoylation transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated autophagy of mitochondrion apoptotic mitochondrial changes regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion protein destabilization negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity positive regulation of apoptotic process rRNA processing negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process mitochondrial depolarization positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator negative regulation of B cell proliferation activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus protein sumoylation positive regulation of gene expression negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity amyloid fibril formation negative regulation of protein neddylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1029 12578 Ensembl ENSG00000147889 ENSMUSG00000044303 UniProt P42771 Q8N726 P51480 Q64364 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000077 NM_001195132 NM_058195 NM_058196 NM_058197 NM_001363763 NM_001040654 NM_009877 RefSeq (protein) NP_000068 NP_001182061 NP_478102 NP_478104 NP_001350692 NP_478102.2 NP_001035744 NP_034007 NP_034007.1 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 21.97 – 22 Mb Chr 4: 89.19 – 89.21 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a p19Arf N-terminus
Solution structure of the n-terminal 37 amino acids of the mouse arf tumor suppressor protein
Identifiers
Symbol	P19Arf_N
Pfam	PF07392
InterPro	IPR010868
SCOP2	1hn3 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

p16 (also known as p16^INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 and numerous other synonyms), is a protein that slows cell division by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase, thereby acting as a tumor suppressor. It is encoded by the CDKN2A gene. A deletion (the omission of a part of the DNA sequence during replication) in this gene can result in insufficient or non-functional p16, accelerating the cell cycle and resulting in many types of cancer.^[5][6][7]

p16 can be used as a biomarker to improve the histological diagnostic accuracy of grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). p16 is also implicated in the prevention of melanoma, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, vulvar cancer and esophageal cancer.

p16 was discovered in 1993. It is a protein with 148 amino acids and a molecular weight of 16 kDa that comprises four ankyrin repeats.^[8] The name of p16 is derived from its molecular weight, and the alternative name p16^INK4a refers to its role in inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4.^[8]