P2RX4

P2RX4
Identifiers
AliasesP2RX4, P2X4, P2X4R, purinergic receptor P2X 4
External IDsOMIM: 600846; MGI: 1338859; HomoloGene: 1923; GeneCards: P2RX4; OMA:P2RX4 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5025

18438

Ensembl

ENSG00000135124

ENSMUSG00000029470

UniProt

Q99571

Q9JJX6

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_011026
NM_001310718
NM_001310720

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001243725
NP_001248326
NP_001248327
NP_002551

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 121.21 – 121.23 MbChr 5: 122.85 – 122.87 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

P2X purinoceptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX4 gene. P2X purinoceptor 4 is a member of the P2X receptor family.[5][6][7] P2X receptors are trimeric protein complexes that can be homomeric or heteromeric. These receptors are ligand-gated cation channels that open in response to ATP binding.[8] Each receptor subtype, determined by the subunit composition, varies in its affinity to ATP and desensitization kinetics.

The P2X4 receptor is the homotrimer composed of three P2X4 monomers.[5] They are nonselective cation channels with high calcium permeability, leading to the depolarization of the cell membrane and the activation of various Ca2+-sensitive intracellular processes.[9][10][11] The P2X4 receptor is uniquely expressed on lysosomal compartments as well as the cell surface.[12]

The receptor is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the epithelia of ducted glands and airways, in the smooth muscle of the bladder, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and arteries, in uterine endometrium, and in fat cells.[13] P2X4 receptors have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac function, ATP-mediated cell death, synaptic strengthening, and activating of the inflammasome in response to injury.[12][14][15][16][17][18]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135124 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029470 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b Suurväli J, Boudinot P, Kanellopoulos J, Rüütel Boudinot S (October 2017). "P2X4: A fast and sensitive purinergic receptor". Biomedical Journal. 40 (5): 245–256. doi:10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.010. PMC 6138603. PMID 29179879.
  6. ^ Garcia-Guzman M, Soto F, Gomez-Hernandez JM, Lund PE, Stühmer W (January 1997). "Characterization of recombinant human P2X4 receptor reveals pharmacological differences to the rat homologue". Molecular Pharmacology. 51 (1): 109–118. doi:10.1124/mol.51.1.109. PMID 9016352.
  7. ^ "Entrez Gene: P2RX4 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 4".
  8. ^ North RA (October 2002). "Molecular physiology of P2X receptors". Physiological Reviews. 82 (4): 1013–1067. doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2002. PMID 12270951.
  9. ^ North RA (October 2002). "Molecular physiology of P2X receptors". Physiological Reviews. 82 (4): 1013–1067. doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2002. PMID 12270951.
  10. ^ Shigetomi E, Kato F (March 2004). "Action potential-independent release of glutamate by Ca2+ entry through presynaptic P2X receptors elicits postsynaptic firing in the brainstem autonomic network". The Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (12): 3125–3135. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0090-04.2004. PMC 6729830. PMID 15044552.
  11. ^ Koshimizu TA, Van Goor F, Tomić M, Wong AO, Tanoue A, Tsujimoto G, Stojilkovic SS (November 2000). "Characterization of calcium signaling by purinergic receptor-channels expressed in excitable cells". Molecular Pharmacology. 58 (5): 936–945. doi:10.1124/mol.58.5.936. PMID 11040040.
  12. ^ a b Kanellopoulos JM, Almeida-da-Silva CL, Rüütel Boudinot S, Ojcius DM (2021-03-25). "Structural and Functional Features of the P2X4 Receptor: An Immunological Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 645834. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.645834. PMC 8059410. PMID 33897694.
  13. ^ Bo X, Kim M, Nori SL, Schoepfer R, Burnstock G, North RA (August 2003). "Tissue distribution of P2X4 receptors studied with an ectodomain antibody". Cell and Tissue Research. 313 (2): 159–165. doi:10.1007/s00441-003-0758-5. PMID 12845522. S2CID 18060944.
  14. ^ Kawano A, Tsukimoto M, Noguchi T, Hotta N, Harada H, Takenouchi T, et al. (March 2012). "Involvement of P2X4 receptor in P2X7 receptor-dependent cell death of mouse macrophages". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 419 (2): 374–380. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.156. PMID 22349510.
  15. ^ Solini A, Santini E, Chimenti D, Chiozzi P, Pratesi F, Cuccato S, et al. (May 2007). "Multiple P2X receptors are involved in the modulation of apoptosis in human mesangial cells: evidence for a role of P2X4". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 292 (5): F1537–F1547. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00440.2006. hdl:11573/412000. PMID 17264311. S2CID 18668753.
  16. ^ Shen JB, Pappano AJ, Liang BT (February 2006). "Extracellular ATP-stimulated current in wild-type and P2X4 receptor transgenic mouse ventricular myocytes: implications for a cardiac physiologic role of P2X4 receptors". FASEB Journal. 20 (2): 277–284. doi:10.1096/fj.05-4749com. PMID 16449800. S2CID 7174797.
  17. ^ Baxter AW, Choi SJ, Sim JA, North RA (July 2011). "Role of P2X4 receptors in synaptic strengthening in mouse CA1 hippocampal neurons". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 34 (2): 213–220. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07763.x. PMC 3763203. PMID 21749490.
  18. ^ de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bastien D, Yurcisin G, Pineau I, Dietrich WD, De Koninck Y, et al. (February 2012). "P2X4 receptors influence inflammasome activation after spinal cord injury". The Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (9): 3058–3066. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4930-11.2012. PMC 6622016. PMID 22378878.