The palmar grasp reflex (or grasp reflex) is a primitive and involuntary reflex found in infants of humans and most primates. When an object, such as an adult finger, is placed in an infant's palm, the infant's fingers reflexively grasp the object.[1] Placement of the object triggers a spinal reflex, resulting from stimulation of tendons in the palm, that gets transmitted through motor neurons in the median and ulnar sensory nerves.[2][3] The reverse motion can be induced by stroking the back or side of the hand.[3] A fetus exhibits the reflex in utero by 28 weeks into gestation (sometimes, as early as 16 weeks[4]),[5][6][7] and persists until development of rudimentary fine motor skills between two and six months of age.[1][8][9][10]
- ^ a b Swaiman, Kenneth F.; Phillips, John (2017-01-01), Swaiman, Kenneth F.; Ashwal, Stephen; Ferriero, Donna M.; Schor, Nina F. (eds.), "3 - Neurologic Examination after the Newborn Period Until 2 Years of Age", Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology (Sixth Edition), Elsevier, pp. 14–19, ISBN 978-0-323-37101-8, retrieved 2021-01-04
- ^ Anekar, Aabha A.; Bordoni, Bruno (2021), "Palmar Grasp Reflex", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31985926, retrieved 2021-10-28
- ^ a b Futagi, Yasuyuki; Toribe, Yasuhisa; Suzuki, Yasuhiro (2012). "The Grasp Reflex and Moro Reflex in Infants: Hierarchy of Primitive Reflex Responses". International Journal of Pediatrics. 2012: 191562. doi:10.1155/2012/191562. PMC 3384944. PMID 22778756.
- ^ Sherer, DM (June 1993). "Fetal grasping at 16 weeks' gestation". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 12 (6): 316. doi:10.7863/jum.1993.12.6.316. PMID 8515527. S2CID 21202088.
- ^ Jakobovits, AA (2009). "Grasping activity in utero: a significant indicator of fetal behavior (the role of the grasping reflex in fetal ethology)". Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 37 (5): 571–2. doi:10.1515/JPM.2009.094. PMID 19492927. S2CID 26736429.
- ^ Jakobovits, A (2 September 2007). "[Grasping reflex activity in utero is one element of fetal behavior (Grasping activity is a part of fetal ethology)]". Orvosi Hetilap (in Hungarian). 148 (35): 1673–5. doi:10.1556/OH.2007.28089. PMID 17720675.
- ^ Kurjak, A; Stanojevic, M; Andonotopo, W; Salihagic-Kadic, A; Carrera, JM; Azumendi, G (2004). "Behavioral pattern continuity from prenatal to postnatal life--a study by four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography". Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 32 (4): 346–53. doi:10.1515/JPM.2004.065. PMID 15346822. S2CID 44725653.
- ^ Lipkin, Paul H. (2009-01-01), Carey, William B.; Crocker, Allen C.; Coleman, William L.; Elias, Ellen Roy (eds.), "Chapter 66 - Motor Development and Dysfunction", Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (Fourth Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 643–652, ISBN 978-1-4160-3370-7, retrieved 2021-01-04
- ^ Berg, B. (2014-01-01), "Brain Development, Normal Postnatal", in Aminoff, Michael J.; Daroff, Robert B. (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition), Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 477–480, ISBN 978-0-12-385158-1, retrieved 2021-01-04
- ^ Niezgoda, Julie; Bansal, Vipin (2011-01-01), Davis, Peter J.; Cladis, Franklyn P.; Motoyama, Etsuro K. (eds.), "Chapter 2 - Behavioral Development", Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children (Eighth Edition), Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 10–21, ISBN 978-0-323-06612-9, retrieved 2021-01-04