palmatine
Names
IUPAC name
2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium
Other names
Berbericinine
Identifiers
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
KEGG
UNII
InChI=1/C21H25NO4/c1-23-18-6-5-13-9-17-15-11-20(25-3)19(24-2)10-14(15)7-8-22(17)12-16(13)21(18)26-4/h5-6,10-11,17H,7-9,12H2,1-4H3
Key: AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYAT
O(c1c4c(ccc1OC)CC3c2c(cc(OC)c(OC)c2)CCN3C4)C
Properties
C21 H22 NO4 +
Molar mass
352.4083 g/mol
Density
1.23 g/cm3
Boiling point
482.9 °C (901.2 °F; 756.0 K) at 760 mmHg
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Chemical compound
Palmatine is a protoberberine alkaloid found in several plants including Phellodendron amurense , Coptis Chinensis [ 1] (Rhizoma coptidis, chinese goldthread) and Corydalis yanhusuo ,[ 2] Tinospora cordifolia [ 3] (gurjo, heart-leaved moonseed), Tinospora sagittata ,[ 4] Phellodendron amurense [ 5] (amur cork tree), Stephania yunnanensis .[ 6]
It is the major component of the protoberberine extract from Enantia chlorantha .[ 7]
It has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of jaundice , dysentery , hypertension , inflammation , and liver-related diseases.[ 8] This compound also has weak in vitro activity against flavivirus .[ 9]
^ Yang, Seong Baek; Kim, Eun Hee; Kim, Seung Hee; Kim, Young Hun; Oh, Weontae; Lee, Jin-Tae; Jang, Young-Ah; Sabina, Yeasmin; Ji, Byung Chul; Yeum, Jeong Hyun (2018-09-17). "Electrospinning Fabrication of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Coptis chinensis Extract Nanofibers for Antimicrobial Exploits" . Nanomaterials . 8 (9): 734. doi :10.3390/nano8090734 . ISSN 2079-4991 . PMC 6164458 . PMID 30227671 .
^ Zhang, Qian; Chen, Cen; Wang, Feng-Qin; Li, Chun-Hong; Zhang, Qi-Hui; Hu, Yuan-Jia; Xia, Zhi-Ning; Yang, Feng-Qing (2016-12-01). "Simultaneous screening and analysis of antiplatelet aggregation active alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis" . Pharmaceutical Biology . 54 (12): 3113–3120. doi :10.1080/13880209.2016.1211714 . ISSN 1388-0209 . PMID 27558975 .
^ Kumar, Peeyush; Srivastava, Vartika; Chaturvedi, Rakhi; Sundar, Durai; Bisaria, V. S. (2017-08-01). "Elicitor enhanced production of protoberberine alkaloids from in vitro cell suspension cultures of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. & Thoms" . Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture . 130 (2): 417–426. doi :10.1007/s11240-017-1237-0 . ISSN 1573-5044 . S2CID 41951538 .
^ Rong, Qian; Xu, Min; Dong, Qi; Zhang, Yuli; Li, Yinglun; Ye, Gang; Zhao, Ling (2016-08-30). "In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo and its main effective component, palmatine, against porcine Helicobacter pylori" . BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine . 16 (1): 331. doi :10.1186/s12906-016-1310-y . ISSN 1472-6882 . PMC 5006617 . PMID 27576439 .
^ Sun, Minglong; Xu, Lijiao; Peng, Yingli; Liu, Tong; Zhang, Yuhong; Zhou, Zhiqiang (2016-04-01). "Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of Phellodendron amurense in Northeast China" . Journal of Forestry Research . 27 (2): 265–272. doi :10.1007/s11676-015-0200-3 . ISSN 1993-0607 . S2CID 15369649 .
^ Xin, Aiyi; Zhang, Yaming; Zhang, Yanxia; Di, Duolong; Liu, Junxi (October 2018). "Development of an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of five alkaloids in Stephania yunnanensis Lo and in rat plasma after oral dose of Stephania yunnanensis Lo extracts". Biomedical Chromatography . 32 (10): e4292. doi :10.1002/bmc.4292 . ISSN 1099-0801 . PMID 29782649 . S2CID 29167917 .
^ Virtanen P., Njimi T., Ekotto Mengata D.: Clinical trials of hepatitis cure with protoberberine alkaloids of Enantia Chlorantha (abstract)
Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol.36: A123, 1989b
^ Bhadra K, Kumar GS (January 2010). "Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid-binding isoquinoline alkaloids: Binding aspects and implications for drug design" . Medicinal Research Reviews . 31 (6): 821–862. doi :10.1002/med.20202 . PMID 20077560 . S2CID 206250975 .
^ Jia F., Zou G., Fan J., Yuan Z."Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus" Archives of Virology 2010 155:8 (1325-1329)