| Panjdeh Incident | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russian conquest of Central Asia and The Great Game | |||||||||
.jpg) Painting by Franz Roubaud depicting the battle | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Russian Empire | |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Aleksandr Komarov | |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
Disputed 500[5] or 2,500[6] or 4,000[7] |
Disputed 600[6] or 4,000[5] or 2,000[8] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 40 killed and wounded[6][b] | 600 killed[9][6] | ||||||||
vodsk
gabat
Tepe
= Hari-Rud river
=Murghab riverThe Tejend and Merv oases are larger than the above dots
The Panjdeh Incident (spelled Penjdeh in older accounts, and known in Russian historiography as the Battle of Kushka)[10] was an armed engagement between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire in 1885 that led to a diplomatic crisis between Great Britain and the Russian Empire regarding the Russian expansion south-eastwards towards the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Raj (India). After nearly completing the Russian conquest of Central Asia (Russian Turkestan), the Russians captured an Afghan border fort, threatening British interests in the area. Seeing this as a threat to India, Britain prepared for war but both sides backed down and the matter was settled diplomatically, with the Russians and Afghans exchanging territories. The incident halted further Russian expansion in Asia, except for the Pamir Mountains, and resulted in the definition of the north-western border of Afghanistan.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Lansford, Tom (2017-02-16). Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 351. ISBN 978-1-59884-760-4.
- ^ Nyrop, Richard F.; Seekins, Donald M. (1986). Afghanistan: A Country Study. The Studies. p. 36.
- ^ Archived 2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lee, Jonathan (1996). The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731-1901. BRILL. p. 463. ISBN 9789004103993.
- ^ a b c Егоршина 2023, p. 589.
- ^ a b c d Lansford 2017, p. 351.
- ^ Dowling, Timothy C. (2014-12-02). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 979-8-216-14105-1.
- ^ Dowling, Timothy C. (2014-12-02). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 979-8-216-14105-1.
- ^ Runion, Meredith L. (2017-04-24). The History of Afghanistan. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-61069-778-1.
- ^ Mikhail Gorny. "Поход на афганцев и бой на Кушке (1885 г.)" [Campaign against the Afghans and the Battle of Kushka (1885)]. militera.lib.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 7 October 2020.