Panosteitis

Panosteitis, sometimes shortened to pano among breeders,[1] is an occasionally seen long bone condition in large breed dogs. It manifests with sudden, unexplained pain and lameness that may shift from leg to leg, usually between 5 and 14 months of age, earning the nickname "growing pains. "[2] Signs such as fever, weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy can also be seen. The cause is unknown, but genetics, stress, infection, metabolism, or an autoimmune component may be factors.[3] It has also been suggested that rapid growth and high-protein food are involved in the pathogenesis.[4] Whole blood analysis may show an elevated white blood cell count; this finding lends support to the theory that panosteitis is due to an infection.[5]

Panosteitis is characterized histologically by an increase in activity of osteoblasts and fibroblasts in the periosteum, endosteum and bone marrow, resulting in fibrosis and the formation of connective tissue in the medullary cavity of the affected bone. Pain may be caused by increased pressure in the medullary cavity and the stimulation of pain receptors in the periosteum.[6]

The humerus is most commonly affected.[7] Males are more commonly affected than females.[8]

  1. ^ Frawley, Ed. "Panosteitis or PANO" (PDF). Leerberg Enterprises. p. 3. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  2. ^ Ettinger, Stephen J.; Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
  3. ^ "Panosteitis". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  4. ^ Schawalder P, Andres HU, Jutzi K, Stoupis C, Bösch C (2002). "Canine panosteitis: an idiopathic bone disease investigated in the light of a new hypothesis concerning pathogenesis. Part 1: Clinical and diagnostic aspects". Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 144 (3): 115–30. PMID 11980379.
  5. ^ Brooks, W. (2017, September 15). Panosteitis: Growing Pains in Dogs - Veterinary Partner. Retrieved March 19, 2019 from https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4953019
  6. ^ Demko J, McLaughlin R (2005). "Developmental orthopaedic disease". Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 35 (5): 1111–35, v. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.05.002. PMID 16129135.
  7. ^ Baird H, Kerwin S, Henry G, Porterpan B, Johnson M (2005). "What is your diagnosis? Panosteitis". J Am Vet Med Assoc. 226 (6): 871–2. doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.871. PMID 15786986.
  8. ^ Biery, D.N.; Lenehan, T.M.; Van Sickle, D.C. (1985). "Canine Panosteitis". Textbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics. Retrieved 2006-08-19.