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| Panther | |
|---|---|
| Designer(s) | John Edo Haefeli[2] |
| Platform(s) | PLATO System[1] |
| Release | 1975[1] |
| Genre(s) | Vehicle simulation game |
| Mode(s) | Team play |
Panther, a battle tank-driving simulation named after the Panther tank, was one of a handful of early first-person computer games developed by John Edo Haefeli and Nelson Bridwell in 1975 at Northwestern University. The game was developed for the multi-user interactive computer-based education PLATO system and programmed in the TUTOR programming language and utilized scalable vector graphics called linesets. A 1977 development of Panther, with more refined graphics, was named Panzer, the German word for armour and tank.
Nelson contributed the original concept of a tank combat game, which was inspired by Brand Fortner's Airfight, Jim Bowery's Spasim, and an unfinished tank game effort of Derek Ward. Nelson also provided the Panther tank artwork, the vehicle motion, view, and damage equations, and a significant fraction of the original code. John was a highly capable TUTOR IV programmer who created the overall game framework, providing key features such as team selection and messaging that turned the concept into a working game, later adding a number of refinements.
Version A (1975) of Panther has been restored to active status on the Cyber1 CYBIS-based (a PLATO descendant) system, with direct permission of the developer.
- ^ a b Huntemann, Nina B.; Payne, Matthew Thomas (10 September 2009). Joystick Soldiers: The Politics of Play in Military Video Games. Routledge. p. 291. ISBN 978-1-135-84282-6.
- ^ Voorhees, Gerald A.; Call, Joshua; Whitlock, Katie (2 November 2012). Guns, Grenades, and Grunts: First-Person Shooter Games. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-4411-9144-1.