Pantoprazole

Pantoprazole
Clinical data
Trade namesProtonix, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601246
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth and intravenous
Drug classProton-pump inhibitor
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only) / S2
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)[4]
  • US: WARNING[3]Rx-only
  • EU: Rx-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability77%
Protein binding98%
MetabolismLiver (CYP2C19, CYP3A4)
Elimination half-life1-2 hours
ExcretionUrine, feces
Identifiers
  • (RS)-6-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-[(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl]-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.111.005 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H15F2N3O4S
Molar mass383.37 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic
  • FC(F)Oc1ccc2[nH]c(nc2c1)S(=O)Cc3nccc(OC)c3OC
  • InChI=1S/C16H15F2N3O4S/c1-23-13-5-6-19-12(14(13)24-2)8-26(22)16-20-10-4-3-9(25-15(17)18)7-11(10)21-16/h3-7,15H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,20,21) checkY
  • Key:IQPSEEYGBUAQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Pantoprazole, sold under the brand name Protonix, among others, is a medication used for the treatment of stomach ulcers, short-term treatment of erosive esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.[5][6] It may also be used along with other medications to eliminate Helicobacter pylori.[7] Pantoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to that of other PPIs.[8] It is available by mouth and by injection into a vein.[5]

Common side effects include headaches, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and joint pain.[5][6] More serious side effects may include severe allergic reactions, a type of chronic inflammation known as atrophic gastritis, Clostridioides difficile colitis, low magnesium, and vitamin B12 deficiency.[5] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.[5] Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases gastric acid secretion.[5] It works by inactivating (H+/K+)-ATPase function in the stomach.[9][5]

The study of pantoprazole began in 1985, and it came into medical use in Germany in 1994.[10] It is available as a generic medication.[5][11] In 2022, it was the sixteenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 30 million prescriptions.[12][13] In Australia, it was one of the top 10 most prescribed medications between 2017 and 2023.[14]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference brands was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Pantoprazole Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  3. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Pantoprazole 20mg gastro-resistant tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 25 November 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Pantoprazole Sodium Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  6. ^ a b Bernshteyn MA, Masood U (2022). "Pantoprazole". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29763120. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  7. ^ British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. 79. ISBN 978-0857112989.
  8. ^ "[99] Comparative effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors". Therapeutics Initiative. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  9. ^ Richardson P, Hawkey CJ, Stack WA (September 1998). "Proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacology and rationale for use in gastrointestinal disorders". Drugs. 56 (3): 307–335. doi:10.2165/00003495-199856030-00002. PMID 9777309. S2CID 46962618.
  10. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 130. ISBN 9783527607495.
  11. ^ "Pantoprazole: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  12. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Pantoprazole Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  14. ^ "Medicines in the health system". Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2 July 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.