Paraphilia

Not to be confused with Paraphernalia.

Paraphilia
Podophilia (foot fetishism), a paraphilia[1]
Etymologyπαρά (para; other) + φιλία (philia; loving)
DefinitionAtypical sexual interest
Coined byFriedrich Salomon Krauss
Other terms
Synonyms
Associated termsNormophilia (antonym)

A paraphilia is an experience of recurring or intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, places, situations, fantasies, behaviors, or individuals.[3][4] It has also been defined as a sexual interest in anything other than a legally consenting human partner.[5][6] Paraphilias are contrasted with normophilic ("normal") sexual interests,[7][8] although the definition of what makes a sexual interest normal or atypical remains controversial.

The exact number and taxonomy of paraphilia is under debate; Anil Aggrawal has listed as many as 549 types of paraphilias.[9][10] Several sub-classifications of paraphilia have been proposed; some argue that a fully dimensional, spectrum, or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evident diversity of human sexuality.[11][12] Although paraphilias were believed in the 20th century to be rare among the general population, recent research has indicated that paraphilic interests are relatively common.[8][13]

  1. ^ Allely CS (30 January 2020). "Autism spectrum disorder, bestiality and zoophilia: a systematic PRISMA review". Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour. 11 (2): 75–91. doi:10.1108/JIDOB-06-2019-0012. ISSN 2050-8824.
  2. ^ Bolin A, Whelehan P, eds. (10 April 2015). The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs344. ISBN 978-1-4051-9006-0.
  3. ^ "Paraphilic Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. pp. 685–686.
  4. ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (Text Revision). Vol. 1. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2000. pp. 566–76. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349. ISBN 978-0-89042-024-9.
  5. ^ Vandiver D, Braithwaite J (8 December 2016). Sex Crimes and Sex Offenders: Research and Realities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-38524-0. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  6. ^ Worthen MG (30 September 2021). Sexual Deviance and Society: A Sociological Examination. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-42106-4. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  7. ^ Joyal CC (1 October 2018). "Controversies in the Definition of Paraphilia". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 15 (10): 1378–1380. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.08.005. ISSN 1743-6109. PMID 30219664.
  8. ^ a b Moser C, Kleinplatz PJ (7 May 2020). "Conceptualization, History, and Future of the Paraphilias". Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 16 (1): 379–399. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095548. ISSN 1548-5943. PMID 32023092.
  9. ^ Aggrawal A (2008). "Appendix 1". Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 369–382. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-2.
  10. ^ Bolin A, Whelehan P, eds. (10 April 2015). The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs344. ISBN 978-1-4051-9006-0.
  11. ^ Maser JD, Akiskal HS (2002). "Spectrum concepts in major mental disorders". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 25 (4): xi–xiii. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(02)00034-5. PMID 12462854.
  12. ^ Krueger RF, Watson D, Barlow DH (2005). "Introduction to the Special Section: Toward a Dimensionally Based Taxonomy of Psychopathology". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 114 (4). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association: 491–3. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.491. PMC 2242426. PMID 16351372.
  13. ^ Castellini G, Rellini AH, Appignanesi C, Pinucci I, Fattorini M, Grano E, Fisher AD, Cassioli E, Lelli L, Maggi M, Ricca V (1 September 2018). "Deviance or Normalcy? The Relationship Among Paraphilic Thoughts and Behaviors, Hypersexuality, and Psychopathology in a Sample of University Students". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 15 (9): 1322–1335. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.07.015. ISSN 1743-6109. PMID 30224020.