Parent structure

In chemistry, a parent structure is the structure of an unadorned ion or molecule from which derivatives can be visualized.^[1] Parent structures underpin systematic nomenclature and facilitate classification. Fundamental parent structures have one or no functional groups and often have various types of symmetry. Benzene (C₆H₆) is a chemical itself consisting of a hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with a hydrogen atom attached to each, and is the parent of many derivatives that have substituent atoms or groups replacing one or more of the hydrogens. Some parents are rare or nonexistent themselves, as in the case of porphine, though many simple and complex derivatives are known.

• Benzene and derivatives
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  Benzene is the parent.
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  Toluene is a derivative of benzene.

• Porphyrins
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  Porphine is the parent of porphyrins.
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  Protoporphyrin IX is a natural derivative of the parent porphine.
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  Octaethylporphyrin is a synthetic derivative of the parent porphine.