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Partition equilibrium is a special case of chemical equilibrium wherein one or more solutes are in equilibrium between two immiscible solvents.[1] The most common chemical equilibrium systems involve reactants and products in the same phase - either all gases or all solutions. However, it is also possible to get equilibria between substances in different phases, such a liquid and gas that do not mix (are immiscible). One example is gas-liquid partition equilibrium chromatography, where an analyte equilibrates between a gas and liquid phase.[2] Partition equilibria are described by Nernst's distribution law.[3] Partition equilibrium are most commonly seen and used for Liquid–liquid extraction.
The time until a partition equilibrium emerges is influenced by many factors, such as: temperature, relative concentrations, surface area of interface, degree of stirring, and the nature of the solvents and solute.
- ^ García-Alvarez-Coque, María Celia (2005). Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 164–172. ISBN 978-0-12-369397-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Ettre, Leslie (2001-05-01). "The Birth of Partition Chromatography". Milestones in Chromatography. LCGC North America-05-01-2001. 19.
- ^ Atkins, Peter (2006). Physical chemistry (8th ed.). New York, NY 10010: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 162–190. ISBN 0-7167-8759-8.
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