Patriot War

Patriot War
Part of the Rebellions of 1837–1838
Battle of the Windmill, Prescott
Date January 8, 1838 – December 4, 1838 (10 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) Location Great Lakes Basin Result Anglo-American victory Defeat of Hunters' Lodges Navy Island retaken Republic of Canada collapses Unification of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada and democratic reforms to lessen social unrest
Belligerents
British Empire  Upper Canada  United States	Republic of Canada Hunters' Lodge
Commanders and leaders
Henry Dundas Allan MacNab Sheriff William Botsford Jarvis Hugh Brady	Robert Nelson Cyrille-Hector-Octave Côté Charles Duncombe William Lyon Mackenzie Nils von Schoultz  Donald McLeod
Casualties and losses
30 killed 86 wounded	Hunters' Lodge: 92 killed 81 wounded 222–243 captured Republic of Canada: Entire force captured

The Patriot War was a conflict along the Canada–United States border in which bands of raiders attacked the British colony of Upper Canada more than a dozen times between December 1837 and December 1838. This so-called war was not a conflict between nations; it was a war of ideas fought by like-minded people against British forces, with the British eventually allying with the US government against the Patriots.^[1]

Participants in the conflict were members of a secret association known as the Hunter's Lodge, formed in the United States in sympathy with the 1837 Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The organization arose in Vermont among Lower Canadian refugees (the eastern division or Frères chasseurs) and spread westward under the influence of Dr Charles Duncombe and Donald McLeod, leaders of the short-lived Canadian Refugee Relief Association, and Scotland native William Lyon Mackenzie, drawing support from several different locations in North America and Europe. The Republic of Canada was also short-lived. After a heavy bombardment by the British on Navy Island, where the republic had been established, Mackenzie and his force of Canadian militia retreated to Buffalo, New York, where they were captured by the U.S. Army. On charges of violating the neutrality between the United States and the British Empire, they were sentenced to 18 months imprisonment. This brought to an end what the British viewed as an inconsequential and unsupported colonial rebellion. The organizations were made up of grass-roots armed militants whose goal was to overthrow British rule in Canada. Their dispersal involved the largest deployment of U.S. troops against their own citizens since the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794.^[2]