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In the United States, the patriot movement is a term which is used to describe a conglomeration of non-unified right-wing populist and nationalist political movements, most notably far-right armed militias, sovereign citizens, and tax protesters.[1][2][3] Ideologies held by patriot movement groups often focus on anti-government conspiracy theories, with the SPLC describing a common belief that "despise the federal government and/or question its legitimacy."[3] The movement first emerged in 1994 in response to what members saw as "violent government repression" of dissenting groups, along with increased gun control and the Clinton administration.[4]
Several groups within the patriot movement have committed or endorsed violence, with U.S. law enforcement agencies labeling some groups "dangerous, delusional and sometimes violent."[5][6][7] The ADL and The American Scientific Affiliation has noted that groups often have connections to white supremacy, however, their connections to it have shrunk over time due to their recent inclusion of non-white members.[8][1] Major events in America which alarm or inspire the patriot movement include the 1992 Ruby Ridge siege, the 1993 Waco siege and the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing.[9] The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) found that the economic decline and nomination of Barack Obama in 2008 caused the movement to "come roaring back", after declining from 800 groups in 1996 to less than 150 groups in 2000.[4][10]
- ^ a b ""Patriot" Movement". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
- ^ Parish, Jane; Parker, Martin (December 3, 2001). The Age of Anxiety: Conspiracy Theory and the Human Sciences. Wiley. ISBN 9780631231684 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Key Events and Crimes of the Patriot Movement". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 16, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
- ^ a b Potok, Mark (March 1, 2012). "The 'Patriot' Movement Explodes". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
- ^ Right-wing Counterculture Uses Waco as Rallying Cry| Herald-Journal April 24, 1995
- ^ Winerip, Michael (June 23, 1996). "Ohio Case Typifies the Tensions Between Militia Groups and Law". The New York Times.
- ^ Sullivan, Kevin. "Primed to Fight The Government". Washington Post.
- ^ AMERICAN MILITIAS: Rebellion, Racism & Religion by Richard Abanes, review by Dennis L. Feucht in American Scientific Affiliation.
- ^ Report: 'Explosive' Growth Of 'Patriot Movement' And Militias Continues by Mark Memmott npr.org March 13, 2012
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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