Pea

This article is about one species of plant and its variations. For other uses, see Pea (disambiguation).

Pea
Peas are contained within a pod.
Pea plant: Lathyrus oleraceus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Lathyrus
Species:
L. oleraceus
Binomial name
Lathyrus oleraceus
Lam. (1779)[1]
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy
  • Lathyrus schaeferi Kosterin (2017)
  • Pisum abyssinicum A.Braun (1841)
  • Pisum album Garsault (1764), opus utique rej.
  • Pisum arvense L. (1753)
  • Pisum baclium Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum biflorum Raf. (1810)
  • Pisum borussicum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum chlorospermum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum coccineum Medik. (1787)
  • Pisum coerulescens Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum commune Clavaud (1884)
  • Pisum elatius M.Bieb. (1808)
  • Pisum elatum Ser. (1825)
  • Pisum excorticatum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum fertile Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum granulatum J.Lloyd (1844)
  • Pisum hortense Asch. & Graebn. (1910)
  • Pisum humile Mill. (1768)
  • Pisum humile Boiss. & Noë (1856), nom. illeg.
  • Pisum jomardii Schrank (1805)
  • Pisum leptolobum Rchb. (1832)
  • Pisum macrocarpum Ser. ex Schur (1866)
  • Pisum macrospermum Steud. (1841)
  • Pisum oleraceus var. govorovii Golodk. (1935)
  • Pisum praecox Steud. (1841)
  • Pisum prolificum Steud. (1841)
  • Pisum pumilio (Meikle) Greuter (1973)
  • Pisum quadratum (L.) Rchb. (1832)
  • Pisum ramulare Rchb. (1832)
  • Pisum roseum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum rugosum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum saccharatum Rchb. (1832)
  • Pisum sativum L. (1753)
  • Pisum sibiricum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum smyrnense Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum syriacum C.O.Lehm. ex El-Gadi & al. (1987), nom. superfl.
  • Pisum tetragonum Pasq. (1867)
  • Pisum thebaicum Willd. (1814)
  • Pisum transcaucasicum (Govorov) Stankov (1949), not validly publ.
  • Pisum tuffetii R.Lesson (1835)
  • Pisum umbellatum (L.) Mill. (1768)
  • Pisum uniflorum Moench (1794)
  • Pisum variegatum C.Presl (1826)
  • Pisum viride Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
  • Pisum vulgare J.Jundz. (1830)
  • Pisum zeylanicum Steud. (1841), not validly publ.

Pea (pisum in Latin) is a pulse, vegetable or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the seed or sometimes the pod of this flowering plant species. Carl Linnaeus gave the species the scientific name Pisum sativum in 1753 (meaning cultivated pea). Some sources now treat it as Lathyrus oleraceus;[1][2] however the need and justification for the change is disputed.[3] Each pod contains several seeds (peas), which can have green or yellow cotyledons when mature. Botanically, pea pods are fruit,[4] since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae such as the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), the seeds from several species of Lathyrus and is used as a compound form for example Sturt's desert pea.

Peas are annual plants, with a life cycle of one year. They are a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world; planting can take place from winter to early summer depending on location. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 grams (0.004–0.013 oz).[5] The immature peas (and in snow peas the tender pod as well) are used as a vegetable, fresh, frozen or canned; varieties of the species typically called field peas are grown to produce dry peas like the split pea shelled from a matured pod. These are the basis of pease porridge and pea soup, staples of medieval cuisine; in Europe, consuming fresh immature green peas was an innovation of early modern cuisine.

  1. ^ a b c Lathyrus oleraceus Lam. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  2. ^ Schaefer, Hanno; Hechenleitner, Paulina; Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo; de Sequeira, Miguel Menezes; Pennington, R Toby; Kenicer, Gregory; Carine, Mark A (2012). "Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of the legume tribe Fabeae with special focus on the middle-Atlantic island lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 250. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12..250S. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-250. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3547781. PMID 23267563.
  3. ^ Ellis, Noel; Smýkal, Petr; Maxted, Nigel; Coyne, Clarice; Domoney, Claire; Burstin, Judith; Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Chayut, Noam (2024). "The Taxonomic Status of Genera within the Fabeae (Vicieae), with a Special Focus on Pisum". Diversity. 16 (7): 365. doi:10.3390/d16070365.
  4. ^ Rogers, Speed (2007). Man and the Biological World Read Books. pp. 169–170. ISBN 978-1-4067-3304-4. Retrieved on 2009-04-15.
  5. ^ "Pea". Purdue.edu. Retrieved 21 August 2017.