Pentaerythritol

Pentaerythritol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol[1]
Other names
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)1,3-propanediol
Pentaerythritol[1]
Hercules P 6
Monopentaerythritol
Tetramethylolmethane
THME
PETP
Pentaerythrite
Pentek
Hercules Aqualon improved technical PE-200
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.732 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 204-104-9
KEGG
RTECS number
  • RZ2490000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C5H12O4/c6-1-5(2-7,3-8)4-9/h6-9H,1-4H2 ☒N
    Key: WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • InChI=1/C5H12O4/c6-1-5(2-7,3-8)4-9/h6-9H,1-4H2
    Key: WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYAH
  • OCC(CO)(CO)CO
Properties
C5H12O4
Molar mass 136.15 g/mol
Appearance white solid
Density 1.396 g/cm3
Melting point 260.5 °C (500.9 °F; 533.6 K)
Boiling point 276 °C (529 °F; 549 K) at 30 mmHg
  • 38.46 g/L (0°C)
  • 47.62 g/L (10°C)
  • 52.60 g/L (15°C)
  • 56.60 g/L (20°C)
  • 74.07 g/L (30°C)
  • 115.0 g/L (40°C)
  • 180.3 g/L (60°C)
  • 285.7 g/L (80°C)
  • 500.0 g/L (100°C)[2]
Solubility

Slightly soluble in:methanol, ethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, formamide;

insoluble in: acetone, toluene, heptane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane

Vapor pressure 0.00000008 mmHg (20°C)[4]
Hazards
Flash point 200.1 °C (392.2 °F; 473.2 K)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[4]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[4]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[4]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Neopentane, Neopentyl alcohol, Neopentyl glycol, Trimethylolethane, Orthocarbonic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Pentaerythritol is an organic compound with the formula C(CH2OH)4. The molecular structure can be described as a neopentane with one hydrogen atom in each methyl group replaced by a hydroxyl (–OH) group. It is therefore a polyol, specifically a tetrol.

Pentaerythritol is a white solid. It is a building block for the synthesis and production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, cosmetics, and many other commercial products.

The word pentaerythritol is a blend of penta- in reference to its five carbon atoms and erythritol, which also possesses 4 alcohol groups.

  1. ^ a b Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 691. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. ^ Yalkowsky, Samuel H. (2010). Handbook of aqueous solubility data (Second ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 185. ISBN 9781439802465.
  3. ^ Yadav, Manish G.; Vadgama, Rajeshkumar N.; Kavadia, Monali R.; Odaneth, Annamma Anil; Lali, Arvind M. (September 2019). "Production of Pentaerythritol Monoricinoleate (PEMR) by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B". Biotechnology Reports. 23: e00353. doi:10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00353. PMC 6599945. PMID 31304100.
  4. ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0485". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).