Pentane

Pentane
Skeletal formula of pentane
Skeletal formula of pentane with all explicit hydrogens added
Pentane 3D ball.png
Pentane 3D spacefill.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Pentane[2]
Other names
Quintane;[1] Refrigerant-4-13-0
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
969132
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.358 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-692-4
1766
MeSH pentane
RTECS number
  • RZ9450000
UNII
UN number 1265
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CCCCC
Properties[4]
C5H12
Molar mass 72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like[3]
Density 0.626 g/mL; 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C)
Melting point −130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point 35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
40 mg/L (20 °C)
log P 3.255
Vapor pressure 57.90 kPa (20.0 °C)
7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa) ~45
Basicity (pKb) ~59
UV-vis (λmax) 200 nm
-63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
1.358
Viscosity 0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
167.19 J K−1 mol−1
263.47 J K−1 mol−1
−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: Flammable GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard GHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H225, H304, H336, H411
P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
4
0
Flash point −49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K)
260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K)
Explosive limits 1.5–7.8%[3]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 3 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 5 g kg−1 (oral, mouse)
130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min)
128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min)
325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)[5]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute][3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1500 ppm[3]
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Supplementary data page
Pentane (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.

Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.

  1. ^ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.
  2. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 59. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.
  5. ^ "n-Pentane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).