Act of analyzing from an alternative point of view
Perspective-taking is the act of perceiving a situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that of another individual.[1]
A vast amount of scientific literature suggests that perspective-taking is crucial to human development[2] and that it may lead to a variety of beneficial outcomes.[3][4] Perspective-taking may also be possible in some non-human animals.[5]
Both theory and research have suggested ages when children begin to perspective-take and how that ability develops over time.[2][6] Research suggests that certain people who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with comorbid conduct problems (such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder)[7][8] or autism[9] may have reduced ability to engage in perspective-taking.
Studies to assess the brain regions involved in perspective-taking suggest that several regions may be involved, including the prefrontal cortex and the precuneus.[10]
^Bräuer J, Call J, Tomasello M (2004). "Visual perspective taking in dogs (Canis familiaris) in the presence of barriers". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 88 (3–4): 299–317. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.004.
^Flavell JH (1977). "The development of knowledge about visual perception". Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. 25: 43–76. PMID753993.
^Nilsen ES, Fecica AM (2011-03-01). "A model of communicative perspective-taking for typical and atypical populations of children". Developmental Review. 31 (1): 55–78. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2011.07.001.
^Cite error: The named reference :15 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Reed T, Peterson C (December 1990). "A comparative study of autistic subjects' performance at two levels of visual and cognitive perspective taking". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 20 (4): 555–67. doi:10.1007/BF02216060. PMID2279973. S2CID31553257.
^Harwood MD, Farrar MJ (2006-06-01). "Conflicting emotions: The connection between affective perspective taking and theory of mind". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 24 (2): 401–418. doi:10.1348/026151005X50302. ISSN2044-835X.
^Davis MH (1983). "Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44 (1): 113–126. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113. hdl:10983/25968.