Phenanthrene

Phenanthrene
Ball-and-stick model of the phenanthrene molecule
Phenanthrene
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Phenanthrene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1905428
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.437 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 266-028-2
28699
KEGG
MeSH C031181
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C14H10/c1-3-7-13-11(5-1)9-10-12-6-2-4-8-14(12)13/h1-10H ☒N
    Key: YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • InChI=1/C14H10/c1-3-7-13-11(5-1)9-10-12-6-2-4-8-14(12)13/h1-10H
    Key: YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYAC
  • C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC=CC=C32
Properties
C14H10
Molar mass 178.234 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless solid
Density 1.18 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 101 °C (214 °F; 374 K)[1]
Boiling point 332 °C (630 °F; 605 K)[1]
1.6 mg/L[1]
−127.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
0
Flash point 171 °C (340 °F; 444 K)[1]
Structure
C2v[2]
0 D
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a colorless, crystal-like solid, but can also appear yellow. Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholesterol and steroids.[3]

Phenanthrene occurs naturally and also is a man-made chemical. Commonly, humans are exposed to phenanthrene through inhalation of cigarette smoke, but there are many routes of exposure. Animal studies have shown that phenanthrene is a potential carcinogen.[3] However, according to IARC, it is not identified as a probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen.[4]

Phenanthrene's three fused rings are angled as in the phenacenes, rather than straight as in the acenes. The compound with a phenanthrene skeleton and nitrogens at the 4 and 5 positions is known as phenanthroline.

  1. ^ a b c d e Record of CAS RN 85-01-8 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  2. ^ Peter Atkins, J. D. P., Atkins' Physical Chemistry. Oxford: 2010. P. 443.
  3. ^ a b "Phenanthrene Fact Sheet" (PDF). archive.epa.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Phenanthrene". Sigma-Alrdich.