Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine
Clinical data
Trade namesSernyl, Sernylan (both discontinued)
Other namesCI-395; Phenylcyclohexylpiperidine; "Angel dust"[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comphencyclidine
Dependence
liability		Physical: Low Psychological: Moderate[2]
Addiction
liability		Variable, reported from low to high[3][2]
Drug classNMDA receptor antagonists; General anesthetics; Dissociative hallucinogens[4]
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismOxidative hydroxylation in liver by CYP450 enzymes, glucuronidation
MetabolitesPCHP, PPC, PCAA
Onset of action2–60 min[5]
Elimination half-life7–46 hours
Duration of action6–48 hours[5]
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.150.427 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H25N
Molar mass243.394 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point46.5 °C (115.7 °F)
Boiling point136 °C (277 °F)
  • c1ccccc1C2(CCCCC2)N3CCCCC3
  • InChI=1S/C17H25N/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)17(12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1,4-5,10-11H,2-3,6-9,12-15H2 checkY
  • Key:JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
Data page
Phencyclidine (data page)
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Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects.[1][4] PCP may cause hallucinations, distorted perceptions of sounds, and violent behavior.[4][7][8] As a recreational drug, it is typically smoked, but may be taken by mouth, snorted, or injected.[4][6][7] It may also be mixed with cannabis or tobacco.[1][4]

Adverse effects may include seizures, coma, addiction, and an increased risk of suicide.[7] Flashbacks may occur despite stopping usage.[8] Chemically, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class, and pharmacologically, it is a dissociative anesthetic.[4][9][10] PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist.[9]

PCP is most commonly used in the US.[11] While usage peaked in the US in the 1970s,[12] between 2005 and 2011 an increase in visits to emergency departments as a result of the drug occurred.[7] As of 2022, in the US, about 0.7% of 12th grade students reported using PCP in the prior year, while 1.7% of people in the US over age 25 reported using it at some point in their lives.[13]

  1. ^ a b c "PCP Fast Facts". justice.gov. National Drug Intelligence Center. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  2. ^ a b Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653 – via Google Books. high abuse liability
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference NHM-PCP and ketamine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Giannini AJ (1998). "Chapter 35: Phencyclidine". In Tarter RE, Ammerman R, Ott PJ (eds.). Handbook of Substance Abuse: Neurobehavioral Pharmacology. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 579–587. ISBN 978-1-4757-2913-9.
  5. ^ a b Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780763744625 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ a b "NIDA InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP". drugabuse.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
  7. ^ a b c d Bush DM (2013). "Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)". The CBHSQ Report. Rockville, Maryland: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. PMID 27656747. PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence
  8. ^ a b "Hallucinogens". National Institute on Drug Abuse. January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  9. ^ a b Marion NE, Oliver WM (2014). Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. ABC-CLIO. p. 732. ISBN 9781610695961 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ Zedeck BE, Zedeck MS (2007). Forensic Pharmacology. Infobase Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781438103822.
  11. ^ "PCP". ginad.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  12. ^ "PCP". cesar.umd.edu. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  13. ^ "Hallucinogens". drugabuse.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018.