Philip A. Gale

Philip A. Gale
Gale in July 2016
Born1969 (age 54–55)
Liverpool, Lancashire, UK
NationalityAustralian/British
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions

Philip Alan Gale (born 1969) is an Australian/British chemist, Deputy Dean of Science and Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney. He is notable for his work on the supramolecular chemistry of anions.[1]

Gale was born in Liverpool and grew up in Woolton attending Gateacre Community Comprehensive School.[2] He moved to Wadham College, Oxford, where he received his B.A. (Hons) degree in 1992 (M.A. Oxon. 1995) then moving in October 1992 to Linacre College where he graduated with a D.Phil. degree in 1995. He then moved to the University of Texas at Austin as a Fulbright Scholar with Prof. Jonathan Sessler. He returned to Oxford in 1997 as a Royal Society University Research Fellow and moved to a lectureship at the University of Southampton in 1999. He was promoted to a personal chair in supramolecular chemistry in 2007 and served as Head of Chemistry at the University of Southampton between 2010 and 2016. He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree by the University of Oxford in 2014. In January 2017 he moved to the University of Sydney where he took up the role of Head of the School of Chemistry[3] and in 2020 Associate Dean (International) in the Faculty of Science. He became interim Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney serving from April 2022 to January 2023 and in February 2023 moved to the University of Technology Sydney to take up the role of Deputy Dean of Science.

Gale's research interests are in supramolecular chemistry and in particular the molecular recognition and transmembrane transport of anions. His early work concerned the design of structurally simple anion receptors and elucidating other processes such as proton transfer that often accompany anion complexation.[4] More recent research has focused on transmembrane anion transport. Gale has designed and synthesised a variety of highly effective classes of anion transporters including tren-based tris-ureas and -thioureas,[5] squaramides[6] and ortho-phenylene-based bis ureas.[7] In 2013 Gale and co-workers published a quantitative structure activity relationship study showing that in a series of simple thioureas with one n-hexyl substituent and a phenyl substituent with different groups in the 4-position, the lipophilicity of the receptor is the dominant molecular parameter determining effective transport, with smaller contributions from the receptors’ volume and affinity for chloride.[8]

Very recent work has focused on the design of new assays to measure anion transport[9] and the development of selective transporters.[10][11] Gale is notable for his work at the interface of supramolecular and medicinal chemistry showing the effect that anionophores developed in his research group have on biological systems. This includes restoring the flux of chloride through epithelial cell membranes (with potential future application as a channel replacement therapy in cystic fibrosis)[12][13] and causing cell death in cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and interfering with autophagy.[14][15]

Other aspects of Gale's work on transmembrane transport include the first synthetic chloride pumping system that uses fatty acids as fuels to create a chloride gradient across a lipid bilayer membrane,[16] and the development of anion transporters that can be switched by membrane potential gradients[17] or by the presence of reducing agents found in higher concentrations in tumours than in healthy tissue.[18]

Gale is listed as a Thomson Reuters/Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Research in Chemistry[19] and has received a number of awards for his research including the RSC Bob Hay Lectureship in 2004,[20] RSC Corday-Morgan Prize in 2005, a 2013 Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, RSC Supramolecular Chemistry Award in 2014[21] and the International Izatt-Christensen Award in Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry in 2018.[22] In 2020 he was awarded a University of Sydney Vice-Chancellor’s Excellence Award for Outstanding Research[23] and was highlighted by The Australian newspaper Research supplement (23 September 2020) as an Australian Field Research Leader (Chemistry & Material Sciences (general))[24] and in the 2024 issue as the field leader in inorganic chemistry.[25]

Gale is the editor-in-chief of Coordination Chemistry Reviews.[26]

  1. ^ Gale, Philip A.; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Wu, Xin (September 2016). "Anion Receptor Chemistry". Chem. 1 (3): 351–422. doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2016.08.004.
  2. ^ Busschaert, Nathalie; Caltagirone, Claudia; Van Rossom, Wim; Gale, Philip A. (12 August 2015). "Applications of Supramolecular Anion Recognition". Chemical Reviews. 115 (15): 8038–8155. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00099. PMID 25996028.
  3. ^ "P.A. Gale". www.journals.elsevier.com.
  4. ^ Gale, Philip A. (1 July 2006). "Structural and Molecular Recognition Studies with Acyclic Anion Receptors". Accounts of Chemical Research. 39 (7): 465–475. doi:10.1021/ar040237q. PMID 16846210.
  5. ^ Busschaert, Nathalie; Wenzel, Marco; Light, Mark E.; Iglesias-Hernández, Paulina; Pérez-Tomás, Ricardo; Gale, Philip A. (7 September 2011). "Structure–Activity Relationships in Tripodal Transmembrane Anion Transporters: The Effect of Fluorination". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (35): 14136–14148. doi:10.1021/ja205884y. PMC 3436094. PMID 21846096.
  6. ^ Busschaert, Nathalie; Kirby, Isabelle L.; Young, Sarah; Coles, Simon J.; Horton, Peter N.; Light, Mark E.; Gale, Philip A. (27 April 2012). "Squaramides as Potent Transmembrane Anion Transporters". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (18): 4426–4430. doi:10.1002/anie.201200729. PMID 22461434. S2CID 34164978.
  7. ^ Karagiannidis, Louise E.; Haynes, Cally J. E.; Holder, Katie J.; Kirby, Isabelle L.; Moore, Stephen J.; Wells, Neil J.; Gale, Philip A. (16 September 2014). "Highly effective yet simple transmembrane anion transporters based upon ortho-phenylenediamine bis-ureas". Chemical Communications. 50 (81): 12050–12053. doi:10.1039/C4CC05519E. PMID 25178589.
  8. ^ Busschaert, Nathalie; Bradberry, Samuel J.; Wenzel, Marco; Haynes, Cally J. E.; Hiscock, Jennifer R.; Kirby, Isabelle L.; Karagiannidis, Louise E.; Moore, Stephen J.; Wells, Neil J.; Herniman, Julie; Langley, G. John; Horton, Peter N.; Light, Mark E.; Marques, Igor; Costa, Paulo J.; Félix, Vítor; Frey, Jeremy G.; Gale, Philip A. (2 July 2013). "Towards predictable transmembrane transport: QSAR analysis of anion binding and transport". Chemical Science. 4 (8): 3036–3045. doi:10.1039/C3SC51023A. hdl:10773/19223. S2CID 95013961.
  9. ^ Wu, Xin; Howe, Ethan N. W.; Gale, Philip A. (21 August 2018). "Supramolecular Transmembrane Anion Transport: New Assays and Insights". Accounts of Chemical Research. 51 (8): 1870–1879. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00264. hdl:2123/24729. PMID 30063324. S2CID 51890600.
  10. ^ Wu, Xin; Gale, Philip A. (2021). "Measuring anion transport selectivity: a cautionary tale". Chemical Communications. 57 (33): 3979–3982. doi:10.1039/D1CC01038G. hdl:2123/27334. PMID 33885701. S2CID 233349341.
  11. ^ Wu, Xin; Judd, Luke W.; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Withecombe, Anne M.; Soto-Cerrato, Vanessa; Li, Hongyu; Busschaert, Nathalie; Valkenier, Hennie; Pérez-Tomás, Ricardo; Sheppard, David N.; Jiang, Yun-Bao; Davis, Anthony P.; Gale, Philip A. (July 2016). "Nonprotonophoric Electrogenic Cl − Transport Mediated by Valinomycin-like Carriers". Chem. 1 (1): 127–146. doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2016.04.002. hdl:1983/e011b659-e323-496b-942f-048a49fbc7b4.
  12. ^ Spooner, Michael J.; Li, Hongyu; Marques, Igor; Costa, Pedro M. R.; Wu, Xin; Howe, Ethan N. W.; Busschaert, Nathalie; Moore, Stephen J.; Light, Mark E.; Sheppard, David N.; Félix, Vítor; Gale, Philip A. (2019). "Fluorinated synthetic anion carriers: experimental and computational insights into transmembrane chloride transport". Chemical Science. 10 (7): 1976–1985. doi:10.1039/C8SC05155K. PMC 6381411. PMID 30881627.
  13. ^ Li, Hongyu; Valkenier, Hennie; Thorne, Abigail G.; Dias, Christopher M.; Cooper, James A.; Kieffer, Marion; Busschaert, Nathalie; Gale, Philip A.; Sheppard, David N.; Davis, Anthony P. (2019). "Anion carriers as potential treatments for cystic fibrosis: transport in cystic fibrosis cells, and additivity to channel-targeting drugs". Chemical Science. 10 (42): 9663–9672. doi:10.1039/C9SC04242C. PMC 6984391. PMID 32055336.
  14. ^ Busschaert, Nathalie; Park, Seong-Hyun; Baek, Kyung-Hwa; Choi, Yoon Pyo; Park, Jinhong; Howe, Ethan N. W.; Hiscock, Jennifer R.; Karagiannidis, Louise E.; Marques, Igor; Félix, Vítor; Namkung, Wan; Sessler, Jonathan L.; Gale, Philip A.; Shin, Injae (July 2017). "A synthetic ion transporter that disrupts autophagy and induces apoptosis by perturbing cellular chloride concentrations". Nature Chemistry. 9 (7): 667–675. Bibcode:2017NatCh...9..667B. doi:10.1038/nchem.2706. PMC 5648535. PMID 28644464.
  15. ^ Park, Sang-Hyun; Park, Seong-Hyun; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Hyun, Ji Young; Chen, Li-Jun; Hwang, Inhong; Vargas-Zuñiga, Gabriela; Busschaert, Nathalie; Gale, Philip A.; Sessler, Jonathan L.; Shin, Injae (August 2019). "Determinants of Ion-Transporter Cancer Cell Death". Chem. 5 (8): 2079–2098. doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.001. PMC 8009298. PMID 33791443.
  16. ^ Howe, Ethan N. W.; Gale, Philip A. (10 July 2019). "Fatty Acid Fueled Transmembrane Chloride Transport". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 141 (27): 10654–10660. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b02116. PMID 31244178. S2CID 195695655.
  17. ^ Wu, Xin; Small, Jennifer R.; Cataldo, Alessio; Withecombe, Anne M.; Turner, Peter; Gale, Philip A. (14 October 2019). "Voltage-Switchable HCl Transport Enabled by Lipid Headgroup–Transporter Interactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (42): 15142–15147. doi:10.1002/anie.201907466. PMID 31400024. S2CID 199519085.
  18. ^ Fares, Mohamed; Wu, Xin; Ramesh, Deepthi; Lewis, William; Keller, Paul A.; Howe, Ethan N. W.; Pérez-Tomás, Ricardo; Gale, Philip A. (28 September 2020). "Stimuli-Responsive Cycloaurated 'OFF-ON' Switchable Anion Transporters". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 59 (40): 17614–17621. doi:10.1002/anie.202006392. hdl:2123/23683. PMID 32583552. S2CID 220059631.
  19. ^ "Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researchers 2018". clarivate.com. Archived from the original on 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  20. ^ "The Bob Hay Lectureship". www.rsc.org.
  21. ^ "Supramolecular Chemistry Award 2014 Winner". www.rsc.org.
  22. ^ "Ryoji Noyori ACES Award: M. G. Banwell / Liebig Memorial Medal: W. Schnick / Izatt-Christensen Award: P. A. Gale / Cram Lehn Pedersen Prize: R. Klajn". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (38): 12210. 17 September 2018. doi:10.1002/anie.201809044. S2CID 52018834.
  23. ^ "Staff Profile".
  24. ^ "Research September 2020". Research September 2020. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
  25. ^ "Research September 2024".
  26. ^ "Coordination Chemistry Reviews - Journal - Elsevier". journals.elsevier.com.