Photolyase

Cryptochrome/photolyase, C-terminal, FAD binding
A deazaflavin photolyase from Anacystis nidulans, illustrating the two light-harvesting cofactors: FADH (yellow) and 8-HDF (cyan).
Identifiers
SymbolFAD_binding_7
PfamPF03441
InterProIPR005101
PROSITEPDOC00331
SCOP21qnf / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1u3cA:214-492 1u3dA:214-492 1iquA:176-418

1iqrA:176-418 1dnpB:202-469 1tezD:207-472 1owmA:207-472 1qnf :207-472 1owpA:207-472 1owoA:207-472 1owlA:207-472 1ownA:207-472

1np7B:213-453
deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase (CPD)
A UV radiation induced thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer (right) is the type of DNA damage which is repaired by DNA photolyase. Note: The above diagram is incorrectly labelled as thymine as the structures lack 5-methyl groups.
Identifiers
EC no.4.1.99.3
CAS no.37290-70-3
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins

Photolyases (EC 4.1.99.3) are DNA repair enzymes that repair damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. These enzymes require visible light (from the violet/blue end of the spectrum) both for their own activation[1] and for the actual DNA repair.[2] The DNA repair mechanism involving photolyases is called photoreactivation. They mainly convert pyrimidine dimers into a normal pair of pyrimidine bases. Photo reactivation, the first DNA repair mechanism to be discovered, was described initially by Albert Kelner in 1949[3] and independently by Renato Dulbecco also in 1949.[4][5][6]

  1. ^ Yamamoto J, Shimizu K, Kanda T, Hosokawa Y, Iwai S, Plaza P, Müller P (October 2017). "Loss of Fourth Electron-Transferring Tryptophan in Animal (6-4) Photolyase Impairs DNA Repair Activity in Bacterial Cells". Biochemistry. 56 (40): 5356–64. doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00366. PMID 28880077.
  2. ^ Thiagarajan V, Byrdin M, Eker AP, Müller P, Brettel K (June 2011). "Kinetics of cyclobutane thymine dimer splitting by DNA photolyase directly monitored in the UV". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (23): 9402–7. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.9402T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1101026108. PMC 3111307. PMID 21606324.
  3. ^ Kelner A (February 1949). "Effect of Visible Light on the Recovery of Streptomyces Griseus Conidia from Ultra-violet Irradiation Injury". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 35 (2): 73–9. Bibcode:1949PNAS...35...73K. doi:10.1073/pnas.35.2.73. PMC 1062964. PMID 16588862.
  4. ^ Dulbecco R (June 1949). "Reactivation of ultra-violet-inactivated bacteriophage by visible light". Nature. 163 (4155): 949–950. Bibcode:1949Natur.163..949D. doi:10.1038/163949b0. PMID 18229246.
  5. ^ Dulbecco R (March 1950). "Experiments on photoreactivation of bacteriophages inactivated with ultraviolet radiation". J Bacteriol. 59 (3): 329–47. doi:10.1128/jb.59.3.329-347.1950. PMC 385765. PMID 15436402.
  6. ^ Friedberg EC (September 2015). "A history of the DNA repair and mutagenesis field: I. The discovery of enzymatic photoreactivation". DNA Repair (Amst). 33: 35–42. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.06.007. PMID 26151545.